CVE-2026-45130

MEDIUMNVD 5.55.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This medium-severity CVE scores 5.5 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.2% (8th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this week
5.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to version 9.2.0450, a heap buffer overflow exists in read_compound() in src/spellfile.c when loading a crafted spell file (.spl) with UTF-8 encoding active. An attacker-controlled length field in the spell file's compound section overflows a 32-bit signed integer multiplication, causing a small buffer to be allocated for a write loop that runs many iterations, overflowing the heap. Because the 'spelllang' option can be set from a modeline, a text file modeline can trigger spell file loading if a malicious .spl file has been planted on the runtimepath. This issue has been patched in version 9.2.0450.

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
25
EG Risk 25/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity55% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 5.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.2% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
8th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (5.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 5.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
5.5 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-22). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 8, 2026

Last Modified

July 24, 2026

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated May 14, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github.
Web page

oss-security - Re: [vim-security] Heap Buffer Overflow in spell file loading affects Vim < 9.2.0450

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/14/3
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Heap Buffer Overflow in spell file loading affects Vim < 9.2.0450 · Advisory · vim/vim · GitHub

https://github.com/vim/vim/security/advisories/GHSA-q4jv-r9gj-6cwv
Web page

Release v9.2.0450 · vim/vim · GitHub

https://github.com/vim/vim/releases/tag/v9.2.0450
Web page

patch 9.2.0450: [security]: heap buffer overflow in spellfile.c read_… · vim/vim@9299332 · GitHub

https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/92993329178cb1f72d700fff45ca86e1c2d369f8

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-45130(2)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(2)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntuxxd (2:9.1.0967-1ubuntu6.5) @ questing2026-10-22ubuntu
redhatvim-main-9.2.967-1.1.hum12026-08-20redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 5 ecosystems)
Alpine:v3.23(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
vim—
  • every version up to 9.2.0452-r0: fixed in 9.2.0452-r0
—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
vim2:8.2.2434-3 ... 2:9.2.0858-1 (63 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
vim2:9.0.1378-2 ... 2:9.2.0858-1 (45 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
vim2:9.1.1230-2 ... 2:9.2.0858-1 (19 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
vim2:9.1.1230-2 ... 2:9.2.0428-1 (15 versions)
  • every version up to 2:9.2.0461-1: fixed in 2:9.2.0461-1
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(1)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 31× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 212 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 112 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  2. 2026-10-22 23:37 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-22 23:37 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  5. 2026-10-21 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  6. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  7. 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  8. 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  9. 2026-10-18 03:38 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  11. 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  12. 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  13. 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  14. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  15. 2026-10-12 16:04 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-11 19:46 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-11 17:01 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-11 14:26 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  20. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  21. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  22. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  23. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  24. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  25. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  2. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  3. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  4. 2026-09-30 07:28 UTCOSV refresh
  5. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  6. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  7. 2026-09-23 17:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  8. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  9. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  10. 2026-09-17 19:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  11. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  12. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  13. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  14. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  15. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  16. 2026-09-11 12:53 UTCOSV refresh
  17. 2026-09-11 09:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  18. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  19. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  20. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  21. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  22. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  23. 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  24. 2026-09-01 13:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  25. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  26. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  27. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  28. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  29. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  30. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  31. 2026-08-23 18:51 UTCEG score recompute
  32. 2026-08-23 18:51 UTCVendor advisory
  33. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  34. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  35. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  36. 2026-08-19 17:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  37. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  38. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  39. 2026-08-17 11:28 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-08-17 11:28 UTCVendor advisory
  41. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  42. 2026-08-16 04:32 UTCEG score recompute
  43. 2026-08-16 04:32 UTCVendor advisory
  44. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  45. 2026-08-15 01:49 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-08-15 01:49 UTCVendor advisory
  47. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  48. 2026-08-14 03:06 UTCEG score recompute
  49. 2026-08-14 03:06 UTCVendor advisory
  50. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  51. 2026-08-12 22:42 UTCEG score recompute
  52. 2026-08-12 22:42 UTCVendor advisory
  53. 2026-08-12 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  54. 2026-08-11 23:58 UTCEG score recompute
  55. 2026-08-11 23:58 UTCVendor advisory
  56. 2026-08-11 01:15 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-08-11 01:15 UTCVendor advisory
  58. 2026-08-11 00:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  59. 2026-08-10 01:05 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-08-10 01:05 UTCVendor advisory
  61. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  62. 2026-08-09 02:22 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-08-09 02:22 UTCVendor advisory
  64. 2026-08-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  65. 2026-08-07 19:34 UTCEG score recompute
  66. 2026-08-07 19:34 UTCVendor advisory
  67. 2026-08-06 20:50 UTCEG score recompute
  68. 2026-08-06 20:50 UTCVendor advisory
  69. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  70. 2026-08-05 22:06 UTCEG score recompute
  71. 2026-08-05 22:06 UTCVendor advisory
  72. 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  73. 2026-08-04 15:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  74. 2026-08-04 10:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  75. 2026-08-04 00:07 UTCEG score recompute

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-45130?
CVE-2026-45130 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 8, 2026. Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Prior to version 9.2.0450, a heap buffer overflow exists in read_compound() in src/spellfile.c when loading a crafted spell file (.spl) with UTF-8 encoding active. An attacker-controlled length field in the spell file's compound section overflows a…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-45130 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-45130 was published on May 8, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of July 24, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-45130 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-45130 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (8th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-45130?
CVE-2026-45130 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-45130?
A fix for CVE-2026-45130 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-45130 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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