Ray is an AI compute engine. Prior to version 2.52.0, developers working with Ray as a development tool can be exploited via a critical RCE vulnerability exploitable via Firefox and Safari. This vulnerability is due to an insufficient guard against browser-based attacks, as the current defense uses the User-Agent header starting with the string "Mozilla" as a defense mechanism. This defense is insufficient as the fetch specification allows the User-Agent header to be modified. Combined with a DNS rebinding attack against the browser, and this vulnerability is exploitable against a developer running Ray who inadvertently visits a malicious website, or is served a malicious advertisement (malvertising). This issue has been patched in version 2.52.0.
CVE-2025-62593
“▲” beside the score: it is higher than NVD's CVSS score.
Score elevated to 9.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2026-08-17), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 8.8 retained for reference. The 9.0 is the floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: this CVE's impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 8.8 HIGH under NVD CVSS v3. Confidence: HIGH.
- Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV) — the reason this is sooner than the SSVC decision on this page at low mission impact
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 8.8
- EG Score
- 9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
- EG Risk
- 95EG Risk 95/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity88% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation100% × 40%Fixed at 100% for a CISA KEV listing: EchelonGraph's rule.Automatability100% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Attend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high. - EPSS PROB
- 62%
- EPSS %ILE
- 99th
- KEV
- ⚠ Exploited
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (9.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.0 is the CISA KEV floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: its impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 8.8 HIGH.
- EG Severity
- 8.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
- EG Likelihood
- 62% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-22). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- CISA KEV and EG-KEV Tier 1 (exploited in the wild)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Act at medium mission impactAttend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 3 days & forensic triage if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Attend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.
A fix is available. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high.
Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 3 days & forensic triage if it is not.
In CISA KEV yes (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
CISA required action“Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.”
Quoted verbatim from CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. CISA directs it at US federal civilian executive branch agencies under Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 26-04, which replaced BOD 22-01 on 10 June 2026; it is not EchelonGraph's advice. CISA's notes: https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v · https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/70e7c72780bdec075dba6cad1afe0832772bfe09 · https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk · https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-implementation-guidance-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk · https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62593
Published
November 26, 2025
Last Modified
October 19, 2026
Advisory Details (4)
Auto-updated Oct 19, 2026Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA
Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA. Listed in CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.
https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-62593RondoDox Botnet: From Zero to 174 Exploited Vulnerabilities | Bitsight
https://www.bitsight.com/blog/rondodox-botnet-infrastructure-analysisCritical RCE Vulnerability against Ray Devs exploitable via Browser (Safari & Firefox) due to DNS Rebinding Attack · Advisory · ray-project/ray · GitHub
https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6vcommit 70e7c72780bd (ray-project/ray)
Fix landed in ray-project/ray commit 70e7c72780bd — awaiting tagged release
https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/70e7c72780bdec075dba6cad1afe0832772bfe09Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-62593(10)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
- RHSA-2026:61627Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2.2 (CUDA)
- RHSA-2026:3713Red Hat Product SecurityCritical
Red Hat Security Advisory: RHOAI 3.3 - Red Hat OpenShift AI
- RHSA-2026:3462Red Hat Product SecurityCritical
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2.2 (ROCm)
- RHSA-2026:3461Red Hat Product SecurityCritical
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2.2 (CUDA)
- RHSA-2026:1027Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: RHOAI 3.2 - Red Hat OpenShift AI
- RHSA-2025:23531Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: RHOAI 2.25.1 - Red Hat OpenShift AI
- RHSA-2025:23204Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat AI Inference Server 3.2.5 (CUDA)
- RHSA-2025:23080Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat AI Inference Server Model Optimization Tools 3.2.2 (CUDA)
- +2 more
Patch Availability(10)
| Vendor / Ecosystem | Fix (by version range) / Patch | Released | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| redhat | rhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9:1787860580 | 2026-08-31 | redhat |
| redhat | rhoai/odh-vllm-gaudi-rhel9:1770956034 | 2026-03-04 | redhat |
| redhat | rhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9:1772160593 | 2026-02-27 | redhat |
| redhat | rhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9:1772160625 | 2026-02-27 | redhat |
| redhat | rhoai/odh-workbench-jupyter-trustyai-cpu-py312-rhel9:1768253628 | 2026-01-22 | redhat |
| redhat | rhoai/odh-kserve-storage-initializer-rhel9:v2.25.1-1765326513 | 2025-12-17 | redhat |
| redhat | rhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9:3.2.5-1765552580 | 2025-12-15 | redhat |
| redhat | rhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9:3.2.2-1765379049 | 2025-12-10 | redhat |
| redhat | rhaiis/model-opt-cuda-rhel9:3.2.2-1764871796 | 2025-12-10 | redhat |
| redhat | rhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9:3.2.2-1765379088 | 2025-12-10 | redhat |
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Affected Packages
(1 across 1 ecosystem)
PyPI(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| ray | 0.1.1 ... 2.9.3 (121 versions) |
| — |
Weakness Classification(2)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 21× in last 7d / 172× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 100 of 633 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 533 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-23 07:54 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-23 07:54 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-22 09:03 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-22 09:03 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-21 10:13 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-21 10:13 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-20 11:24 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-20 11:24 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-19 13:26 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-19 06:37 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-19 06:37 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-18 07:46 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-18 05:21 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-17 08:57 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 08:57 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-16 10:08 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-16 10:08 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-15 11:18 UTCEG score recompute
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- 2026-10-15 11:18 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-14 12:28 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-14 12:28 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-13 13:36 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-13 13:36 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-12 14:45 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-12 14:45 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-12 08:35 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-12 04:19 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-12 00:06 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-11 19:52 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 19:52 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-11 18:37 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 15:39 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-11 15:12 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-11 11:26 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 11:26 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-11 07:13 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-11 03:01 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-10 22:45 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-10 22:45 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-10 18:32 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-10 14:19 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-10 10:06 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-10 05:53 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-10 01:39 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-09 21:25 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-09 21:25 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-09 17:12 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-09 12:57 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-09 08:43 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-09 04:28 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-09 00:16 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-08 20:03 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-08 15:50 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-08 11:37 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-08 07:24 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-08 03:11 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-08 03:11 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-07 22:58 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-07 18:45 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-07 14:32 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-07 10:19 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-07 06:06 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-07 01:53 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-06 21:38 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-06 17:26 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-06 17:26 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-06 13:13 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-06 09:00 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-06 04:47 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-06 00:34 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-05 20:20 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-05 16:07 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-05 11:52 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-05 07:40 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-05 03:27 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-04 23:14 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-04 19:01 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-04 14:48 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-04 10:35 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-04 06:21 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-04 02:08 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-03 21:56 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-03 17:43 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-03 17:43 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-03 13:31 UTCVendor advisory
Publicly available exploits
(2 references)Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 GitHub PoC), as is 1 Nuclei detection template. A detection template checks whether a system is affected; it is not necessarily exploit code. Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.
- Nucleihttp/cves/2025/CVE-2025-62593.yamlPublished Sep 24, 2026
Ray < 2.52.0 - Remote Code Execution
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCBoreas37/CVE-2025-62593-PoCPublished Aug 18, 2026
PoC for CVE-2025-62593: unauthenticated RCE in Ray (CISA KEV). Stdlib-only Python.
Open source ↗
Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)
Same product
9 shownPyPI:ray
Same vendor
10 shownredhat:RHSA-2025:23078
Frequently asked(6)
What is CVE-2025-62593?
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-62593 published?
Is CVE-2025-62593 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-62593?
Which products are affected by CVE-2025-62593?
How do I remediate CVE-2025-62593?
Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2025-62593
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2025-62593?
EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.