CVE-2025-62593

CRITICALNVD 8.89.0
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than NVD's CVSS score.

Score elevated to 9.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2026-08-17), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 8.8 retained for reference. The 9.0 is the floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: this CVE's impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 8.8 HIGH under NVD CVSS v3. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, EPSS, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekExploited in the wild
9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV) — the reason this is sooner than the SSVC decision on this page at low mission impact
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 62%CVSS: 8.8Exploit: Public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Ray is an AI compute engine. Prior to version 2.52.0, developers working with Ray as a development tool can be exploited via a critical RCE vulnerability exploitable via Firefox and Safari. This vulnerability is due to an insufficient guard against browser-based attacks, as the current defense uses the User-Agent header starting with the string "Mozilla" as a defense mechanism. This defense is insufficient as the fetch specification allows the User-Agent header to be modified. Combined with a DNS rebinding attack against the browser, and this vulnerability is exploitable against a developer running Ray who inadvertently visits a malicious website, or is served a malicious advertisement (malvertising). This issue has been patched in version 2.52.0.

CVSS v3
8.8
EG Score
9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
EG Risk
95
EG Risk 95/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity88% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation100% × 40%
Fixed at 100% for a CISA KEV listing: EchelonGraph's rule.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Attend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.
Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high.
EPSS PROB
62%
EPSS %ILE
99th
KEV
⚠ Exploited

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.0 is the CISA KEV floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: its impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 8.8 HIGH.

EG Severity
8.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
62% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-22). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
CISA KEV and EG-KEV Tier 1 (exploited in the wild)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Act at medium mission impactAttend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 3 days & forensic triage if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Attend at low mission impact; Act at medium or high.

A fix is available. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low mission impact and as soon as possible at medium or high.

Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 3 days & forensic triage if it is not.

In CISA KEV yes (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

CISA required action“Apply mitigations in accordance with vendor instructions, ensuring compliance with CISA’s BOD 26-04 Prioritizing Security Updates Based on Risk (see URL in Notes) guidance and CISA’s “Forensics Triage Requirements” (see URL in Notes). Follow applicable BOD 26-04 guidance for cloud services or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable. Stakeholders are responsible for evaluating each asset's internet exposure and ensuring adherence to BOD 26-04 patching guidelines.”

Quoted verbatim from CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. CISA directs it at US federal civilian executive branch agencies under Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 26-04, which replaced BOD 22-01 on 10 June 2026; it is not EchelonGraph's advice. CISA's notes: https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v · https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/70e7c72780bdec075dba6cad1afe0832772bfe09 · https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk · https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/directives/bod-26-04-implementation-guidance-prioritizing-security-updates-based-risk · https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62593

Published

November 26, 2025

Last Modified

October 19, 2026

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Oct 19, 2026
⚠️ Actively exploited (CISA KEV, CISA Vulnrichment). Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github, cisa.
CISA🔴 Active Exploitation

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA. Listed in CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-62593
Web page

RondoDox Botnet: From Zero to 174 Exploited Vulnerabilities | Bitsight

https://www.bitsight.com/blog/rondodox-botnet-infrastructure-analysis
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)🟡 PoC Available

Critical RCE Vulnerability against Ray Devs exploitable via Browser (Safari & Firefox) due to DNS Rebinding Attack · Advisory · ray-project/ray · GitHub

https://github.com/ray-project/ray/security/advisories/GHSA-q279-jhrf-cc6v
GitHub commit

commit 70e7c72780bd (ray-project/ray)

Fix landed in ray-project/ray commit 70e7c72780bd — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/ray-project/ray/commit/70e7c72780bdec075dba6cad1afe0832772bfe09

Patch Availability(10)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatrhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9:17878605802026-08-31redhat
redhatrhoai/odh-vllm-gaudi-rhel9:17709560342026-03-04redhat
redhatrhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9:17721605932026-02-27redhat
redhatrhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9:17721606252026-02-27redhat
redhatrhoai/odh-workbench-jupyter-trustyai-cpu-py312-rhel9:17682536282026-01-22redhat
redhatrhoai/odh-kserve-storage-initializer-rhel9:v2.25.1-17653265132025-12-17redhat
redhatrhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9:3.2.5-17655525802025-12-15redhat
redhatrhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9:3.2.2-17653790492025-12-10redhat
redhatrhaiis/model-opt-cuda-rhel9:3.2.2-17648717962025-12-10redhat
redhatrhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9:3.2.2-17653790882025-12-10redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
PyPI(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
ray0.1.1 ... 2.9.3 (121 versions)
  • every version up to 2.52.0: fixed in 2.52.0
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 21× in last 7d / 172× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 633 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 533 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
  2. 2026-10-23 07:54 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-23 07:54 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
  5. 2026-10-22 09:03 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-22 09:03 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
  8. 2026-10-21 10:13 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-21 10:13 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
  11. 2026-10-20 11:24 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-20 11:24 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
  14. 2026-10-19 13:26 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-19 06:37 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-19 06:37 UTCVendor advisory
  17. 2026-10-18 07:46 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-10-18 05:21 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
  20. 2026-10-17 08:57 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-17 08:57 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-10-16 10:08 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-16 10:08 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
  25. 2026-10-15 11:18 UTCEG score recompute
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-15 11:18 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
  3. 2026-10-14 12:28 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-14 12:28 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
  6. 2026-10-13 13:36 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-13 13:36 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-10-12 14:45 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-12 14:45 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-10-12 08:35 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-10-12 04:19 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-12 00:06 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-10-11 19:52 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-11 19:52 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-11 18:37 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-11 15:39 UTCVendor advisory
  17. 2026-10-11 15:12 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
  19. 2026-10-11 11:26 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-11 11:26 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-10-11 07:13 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-10-11 03:01 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-10-10 22:45 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-10 22:45 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
  26. 2026-10-10 18:32 UTCVendor advisory
  27. 2026-10-10 14:19 UTCVendor advisory
  28. 2026-10-10 10:06 UTCVendor advisory
  29. 2026-10-10 05:53 UTCVendor advisory
  30. 2026-10-10 01:39 UTCVendor advisory
  31. 2026-10-09 21:25 UTCEG score recompute
  32. 2026-10-09 21:25 UTCVendor advisory
  33. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
  34. 2026-10-09 17:12 UTCVendor advisory
  35. 2026-10-09 12:57 UTCVendor advisory
  36. 2026-10-09 08:43 UTCVendor advisory
  37. 2026-10-09 04:28 UTCVendor advisory
  38. 2026-10-09 00:16 UTCVendor advisory
  39. 2026-10-08 20:03 UTCVendor advisory
  40. 2026-10-08 15:50 UTCVendor advisory
  41. 2026-10-08 11:37 UTCVendor advisory
  42. 2026-10-08 07:24 UTCVendor advisory
  43. 2026-10-08 03:11 UTCEG score recompute
  44. 2026-10-08 03:11 UTCVendor advisory
  45. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
  46. 2026-10-07 22:58 UTCVendor advisory
  47. 2026-10-07 18:45 UTCVendor advisory
  48. 2026-10-07 14:32 UTCVendor advisory
  49. 2026-10-07 10:19 UTCVendor advisory
  50. 2026-10-07 06:06 UTCVendor advisory
  51. 2026-10-07 01:53 UTCVendor advisory
  52. 2026-10-06 21:38 UTCVendor advisory
  53. 2026-10-06 17:26 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-10-06 17:26 UTCVendor advisory
  55. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
  56. 2026-10-06 13:13 UTCVendor advisory
  57. 2026-10-06 09:00 UTCVendor advisory
  58. 2026-10-06 04:47 UTCVendor advisory
  59. 2026-10-06 00:34 UTCVendor advisory
  60. 2026-10-05 20:20 UTCVendor advisory
  61. 2026-10-05 16:07 UTCVendor advisory
  62. 2026-10-05 11:52 UTCVendor advisory
  63. 2026-10-05 07:40 UTCVendor advisory
  64. 2026-10-05 03:27 UTCVendor advisory
  65. 2026-10-04 23:14 UTCVendor advisory
  66. 2026-10-04 19:01 UTCVendor advisory
  67. 2026-10-04 14:48 UTCVendor advisory
  68. 2026-10-04 10:35 UTCVendor advisory
  69. 2026-10-04 06:21 UTCVendor advisory
  70. 2026-10-04 02:08 UTCVendor advisory
  71. 2026-10-03 21:56 UTCVendor advisory
  72. 2026-10-03 17:43 UTCEG score recompute
  73. 2026-10-03 17:43 UTCVendor advisory
  74. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 62% · 99th percentile
  75. 2026-10-03 13:31 UTCVendor advisory

Publicly available exploits

(2 references)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 GitHub PoC), as is 1 Nuclei detection template. A detection template checks whether a system is affected; it is not necessarily exploit code. Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • Nucleihttp/cves/2025/CVE-2025-62593.yaml
    Published Sep 24, 2026

    Ray < 2.52.0 - Remote Code Execution

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCBoreas37/CVE-2025-62593-PoC
    Published Aug 18, 2026

    PoC for CVE-2025-62593: unauthenticated RCE in Ray (CISA KEV). Stdlib-only Python.

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2025-62593?
CVE-2025-62593 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on November 26, 2025. Ray is an AI compute engine. Prior to version 2.52.0, developers working with Ray as a development tool can be exploited via a critical RCE vulnerability exploitable via Firefox and Safari. This vulnerability is due to an insufficient guard against browser-based attacks, as the current defense uses…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-62593 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-62593 was published on November 26, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 19, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-62593 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2025-62593 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on August 17, 2026, affecting Ray-Project Ray. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate attention. A fix is available. Apply it.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-62593?
CVE-2025-62593 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0 (CRITICAL).
Which products are affected by CVE-2025-62593?
CVE-2025-62593 affects Ray-Project Ray. The affected packages EchelonGraph has on record, with version ranges, are listed in the Affected Packages section of this page.
How do I remediate CVE-2025-62593?
A fix for CVE-2025-62593 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-62593 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2025-62593

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