CVE-2025-32988

HIGHNVD 8.28.2
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This high-severity CVE scores 8.2 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 1.5% (73rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). GitHub Security Advisory CVSS 6.5 is lower than this score; a lower GitHub score revises it only when its advisory is newer than the CVE record's last change, and this advisory (published 2025-07-10) is not newer than that change (2026-10-15), so it does not.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 4 sources updated this week
8.2EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1.5%CVSS: 8.2Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

A flaw was found in GnuTLS. A double-free vulnerability exists in GnuTLS due to incorrect ownership handling in the export logic of Subject Alternative Name (SAN) entries containing an otherName. If the type-id OID is invalid or malformed, GnuTLS will call asn1_delete_structure() on an ASN.1 node it does not own, leading to a double-free condition when the parent function or caller later attempts to free the same structure.

This vulnerability can be triggered using only public GnuTLS APIs and may result in denial of service or memory corruption, depending on allocator behavior.

CVSS v3
8.2
EG Score
8.2HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
37
EG Risk 37/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity82% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.2 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation1.5% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
1.5%
EPSS %ILE
73rd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (8.2): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 8.2 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
8.2 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
1.5% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-17). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

July 10, 2025

Last Modified

October 15, 2026

Advisory Details (10)

Auto-updated Jun 25, 2026
Patch available. Sources: redhat.
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

cve-details

https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-32988
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7477
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:22529
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:19088
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:17415
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:17361
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:17348
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:17181
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:16116
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:16115

Patch Availability(11)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulibgnutlsxx28 (3.4.10-4ubuntu1.9+esm2) @ xenial2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntulibgnutls30t64 (3.8.9-2ubuntu3.1) @ plucky2026-10-15ubuntu
redhatgnutls-main-3.8.12-1.1.hum12026-04-10redhat
redhatrhceph/rhceph-7-rhel9:72025-12-01redhat
redhatdiscovery/discovery-ui-rhel9:2.3.0-17605543842025-10-23redhat
redhatgnutls-0:3.6.16-8.el8_10.42025-10-07redhat
redhatgnutls-0:3.7.6-21.el9_2.42025-10-06redhat
redhatgnutls-0:3.8.3-4.el9_4.42025-10-06redhat
redhatinsights-proxy/insights-proxy-container-rhel9:1.5.7-17593319892025-10-01redhat
redhatgnutls-0:3.8.3-6.el9_6.22025-09-17redhat
redhatgnutls-0:3.8.9-9.el10_0.142025-09-17redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(9 across 9 ecosystems)
Alpine:v3.20(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gnutls—
  • every version up to 3.8.12-r0: fixed in 3.8.12-r0
—
Alpine:v3.21(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gnutls—
  • every version up to 3.8.12-r0: fixed in 3.8.12-r0
—
Alpine:v3.22(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gnutls—
  • every version up to 3.8.12-r0: fixed in 3.8.12-r0
—
Alpine:v3.23(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gnutls—
  • every version up to 3.8.11-r0: fixed in 3.8.11-r0
—
Alpine:v3.24(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gnutls—
  • every version up to 3.8.11-r0: fixed in 3.8.11-r0
—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gnutls283.7.1-5 ... 3.7.1-5+deb11u7 (8 versions)
  • every version up to 3.7.1-5+deb11u8: fixed in 3.7.1-5+deb11u8
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gnutls283.7.9-2, 3.7.9-2+deb12u1, 3.7.9-2+deb12u2, 3.7.9-2+deb12u3, 3.7.9-2+deb12u4
  • every version up to 3.7.9-2+deb12u5: fixed in 3.7.9-2+deb12u5
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gnutls28—
  • every version up to 3.8.9-3: fixed in 3.8.9-3
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gnutls28—
  • every version up to 3.8.9-3: fixed in 3.8.9-3
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(4)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 34× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 98 of 235 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 2 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 137 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  2. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  3. 2026-10-18 05:37 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  5. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  6. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  7. 2026-10-15 01:43 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-15 01:43 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-10-15 01:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fv5h-vqpf-6fqj · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  10. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  11. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  12. 2026-10-12 17:10 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-11 20:42 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-11 18:53 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-11 15:30 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 73rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 71st percentile
  19. 2026-10-10 00:55 UTCOSV refresh
  20. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 71st percentile
  21. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 71st percentile
  22. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 71st percentile
  23. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 71st percentile
  24. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 71st percentile
  25. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 71st percentile
Show 73 more
  1. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 71st percentile
  2. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 70th percentile
  3. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 70th percentile
  4. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  5. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  6. 2026-09-26 00:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  7. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  8. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  9. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  10. 2026-09-20 09:03 UTCOSV refresh
  11. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  12. 2026-09-17 19:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  13. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  14. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  15. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  16. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  17. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  18. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  19. 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 68th percentile
  20. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  21. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  22. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  23. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  24. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  25. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  26. 2026-09-01 12:32 UTCVendor advisory
  27. 2026-09-01 12:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fv5h-vqpf-6fqj · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  28. 2026-09-01 12:02 UTCEG score recompute
  29. 2026-09-01 12:02 UTCVendor advisory
  30. 2026-09-01 12:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fv5h-vqpf-6fqj · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  31. 2026-09-01 04:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  32. 2026-08-31 16:43 UTCVendor advisory
  33. 2026-08-31 16:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fv5h-vqpf-6fqj · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  34. 2026-08-31 15:09 UTCEG score recompute
  35. 2026-08-31 15:09 UTCVendor advisory
  36. 2026-08-31 15:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fv5h-vqpf-6fqj · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  37. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  38. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  39. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  40. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  41. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  42. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  43. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  44. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  45. 2026-08-21 13:24 UTCEG score recompute▲ 1.70
  46. 2026-08-21 13:24 UTCVendor advisory
  47. 2026-08-21 13:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fv5h-vqpf-6fqj · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  48. 2026-08-21 13:19 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 8.2 · severity → HIGH
  49. 2026-08-21 12:51 UTCEG score recompute
  50. 2026-08-21 12:51 UTCVendor advisory
  51. 2026-08-21 12:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fv5h-vqpf-6fqj · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  52. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  53. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  54. 2026-08-18 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  55. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  56. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  57. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  58. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  59. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 65th percentile
  60. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 64th percentile
  61. 2026-08-12 09:54 UTCOSV refresh
  62. 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 64th percentile
  63. 2026-08-09 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 64th percentile
  64. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 64th percentile
  65. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 64th percentile
  66. 2026-08-05 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 64th percentile
  67. 2026-08-04 15:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 64th percentile
  68. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 64th percentile
  69. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 64th percentile
  70. 2026-08-02 02:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 64th percentile
  71. 2026-08-01 04:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 64th percentile
  72. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 64th percentile
  73. 2026-07-30 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 64th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-32988?
CVE-2025-32988 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on July 10, 2025. A flaw was found in GnuTLS. A double-free vulnerability exists in GnuTLS due to incorrect ownership handling in the export logic of Subject Alternative Name (SAN) entries containing an otherName. If the type-id OID is invalid or malformed, GnuTLS will call asn1deletestructure() on an ASN.1 node it…
When was CVE-2025-32988 made public?
CVE-2025-32988 was made public on July 10, 2025: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, Red Hat, Inc., gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on July 10, 2025. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 15, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-32988 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-32988 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1.5% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (73rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-32988?
CVE-2025-32988 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.2 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-32988?
A fix for CVE-2025-32988 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-32988 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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