CVE-2025-8941

HIGHPre-NVD 7.87.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 7.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2025-08-13. A secondary CVSS source baseline 7.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Trending — 4 sources updated this week
7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.3%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

A flaw was found in linux-pam. The pam_namespace module may improperly handle user-controlled paths, allowing local users to exploit symlink attacks and race conditions to elevate their privileges to root. This CVE provides a "complete" fix for CVE-2025-6020.

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
7.8HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
35
EG Risk 35/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity78% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.3% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.3%
EPSS %ILE
18th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.3% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-17). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

August 13, 2025

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Advisory Details (10)

Auto-updated Sep 22, 2026
Patch available. Sources: redhat.
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 Advanced Update Support.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15107
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15106
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Update Services for SAP So

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15105
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15104
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Serv

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15103
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15102
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15101
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Update Services for SAP Solutions.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15100
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15099
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:14557

Patch Availability(18)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatopenshift-serverless-1/logic-swf-devmode-rhel8:1.36.0-72026-01-22redhat
redhatcompliance/openshift-compliance-openscap-rhel8:1.8.02025-11-20redhat
redhatcert-manager/jetstack-cert-manager-rhel9:v1.16.5-17605157572025-10-16redhat
redhatinsights-proxy/insights-proxy-container-rhel9:1.5.7-17593319892025-10-01redhat
redhatdiscovery/discovery-server-rhel9:2.2.1-17585559342025-09-23redhat
redhatweb-terminal/web-terminal-tooling-rhel9:1.12-42025-09-15redhat
redhatweb-terminal/web-terminal-tooling-rhel9:1.11-82025-09-15redhat
redhatopenshift-sandboxed-containers/osc-podvm-payload-rhel9:1.10.2-17574224012025-09-11redhat
redhatpam-0:1.3.1-26.el8_8.22025-09-03redhat
redhatpam-0:1.5.1-15.el9_2.22025-09-03redhat
redhatpam-0:1.5.1-24.el9_4.12025-09-03redhat
redhatpam-0:1.5.1-26.el9_62025-09-03redhat
redhatpam-0:1.3.1-14.el8_4.22025-09-03redhat
redhatpam-0:1.5.1-9.el9_0.32025-09-03redhat
redhatpam-0:1.1.8-23.el7_9.22025-09-03redhat
redhatpam-0:1.3.1-8.el8_2.22025-09-03redhat
redhatpam-0:1.3.1-16.el8_6.32025-09-03redhat
redhatpam-0:1.3.1-38.el8_102025-08-26redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
pam1.4.0-10 ... 1.7.0-8 (34 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
pam1.5.2-6 ... 1.7.0-8 (24 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
pam1.7.0-5, 1.7.0-6, 1.7.0-7, 1.7.0-8
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
pam1.7.0-5, 1.7.0-6, 1.7.0-7, 1.7.0-8
  • every version on: no fix on record
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 33× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 93 of 197 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 7 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 104 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  2. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  3. 2026-10-18 05:13 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-17 21:14 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-17 21:14 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-17 21:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hqqx-rjqh-53c2 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  7. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  8. 2026-10-16 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  9. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  10. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  11. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  12. 2026-10-12 16:43 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  14. 2026-10-11 20:18 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-11 18:31 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-11 15:05 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  18. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  19. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  20. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  21. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  22. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  23. 2026-10-06 14:44 UTCOSV refresh
  24. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  25. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
Show 68 more
  1. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  2. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  3. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  4. 2026-09-29 15:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  5. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  6. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  7. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  8. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  9. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  10. 2026-09-16 20:09 UTCOSV refresh
  11. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  12. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  13. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  14. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  15. 2026-09-11 09:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  16. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  17. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  18. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  19. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  20. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  21. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  22. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  23. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  24. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  25. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  26. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  27. 2026-08-28 20:23 UTCOSV refresh
  28. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  29. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  30. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  31. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  32. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  33. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  34. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  35. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  36. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  37. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  38. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  39. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  40. 2026-08-12 08:17 UTCOSV refresh
  41. 2026-08-11 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  42. 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  43. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  44. 2026-08-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  45. 2026-08-07 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  46. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  47. 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  48. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  49. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  50. 2026-08-02 02:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  51. 2026-08-01 04:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  52. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  53. 2026-07-30 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  54. 2026-07-27 15:27 UTCOSV refresh
  55. 2026-07-27 14:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  56. 2026-07-26 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  57. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  58. 2026-07-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  59. 2026-07-23 14:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  60. 2026-07-23 03:03 UTCEG score recompute
  61. 2026-07-22 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  62. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  63. 2026-07-20 17:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  64. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  65. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  66. 2026-07-18 10:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  67. 2026-07-16 17:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  68. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-8941?
CVE-2025-8941 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on August 13, 2025. A flaw was found in linux-pam. The pam_namespace module may improperly handle user-controlled paths, allowing local users to exploit symlink attacks and race conditions to elevate their privileges to root. This CVE provides a "complete" fix for CVE-2025-6020.
When was CVE-2025-8941 made public?
CVE-2025-8941 was made public on August 13, 2025: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, Red Hat, Inc., gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on August 13, 2025. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of June 17, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-8941 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-8941 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.3% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (18th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-8941?
CVE-2025-8941 has a CVSS base score of 7.8 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-8941?
A fix for CVE-2025-8941 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-8941 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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