A flaw was found in linux-pam. The pam_namespace module may improperly handle user-controlled paths, allowing local users to exploit symlink attacks and race conditions to elevate their privileges to root. This CVE provides a "complete" fix for CVE-2025-6020.
CVE-2025-8941
“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.
Score 7.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2025-08-13. A secondary CVSS source baseline 7.8; sources differ by 0.0.
- High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 7.8
- EG Score
- 7.8HIGHmedium confidence
- EG Risk
- 35EG Risk 35/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity78% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation0.3% × 40%FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.Automatability0% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines. - EPSS PROB
- 0.3%
- EPSS %ILE
- 18th
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (7.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 0.3% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-17). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.
In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
August 13, 2025
Last Modified
June 17, 2026
Advisory Details (10)
Auto-updated Sep 22, 2026Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.2 Advanced Update Support.
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15107Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 Extended Lifecycle Support.
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15106Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.6 Update Services for SAP So
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15105Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Advanced Mission Critical Update Support and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.4 Extended Update Support
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15104Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Update Services for SAP Solutions and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.8 Telecommunications Update Serv
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15103Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.4 Extended Update Support.
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15102Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 Update Services for SAP Solutions.
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15101Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.0 Update Services for SAP Solutions.
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15100Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15099Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:14557Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-8941(18)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
- RHSA-2026:0934Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Release of OpenShift Serverless Logic 1.36.0 security update & enhancements
- RHSA-2025:21885Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Compliance Operator bug fix and enhancement update
- RHSA-2025:18219Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: cert-manager Operator for Red Hat OpenShift 1.16.0
- RHSA-2025:17181Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Insights proxy Container Image
- RHSA-2025:16524Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: A Subscription Management tool for finding and reporting Red Hat product usage
- RHSA-2025:15828Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: updated web-terminal/tooling container image
- RHSA-2025:15827Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: updated web-terminal/tooling container image
- RHSA-2025:15709Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat OpenShift sandboxed containers release
- +10 more
Patch Availability(18)
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Affected Packages
(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| pam | 1.4.0-10 ... 1.7.0-8 (34 versions) |
| — |
Debian:12(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| pam | 1.5.2-6 ... 1.7.0-8 (24 versions) |
| — |
Debian:13(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| pam | 1.7.0-5, 1.7.0-6, 1.7.0-7, 1.7.0-8 |
| — |
Debian:14(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| pam | 1.7.0-5, 1.7.0-6, 1.7.0-7, 1.7.0-8 |
| — |
Weakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 33× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 93 of 197 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 7 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 104 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-10-18 05:13 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 21:14 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 21:14 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-17 21:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hqqx-rjqh-53c2 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
- 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-10-16 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-10-12 16:43 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-10-11 20:18 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 18:31 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 15:05 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-10-06 14:44 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
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- 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-09-29 15:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
- 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
- 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
- 2026-09-16 20:09 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
- 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
- 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
- 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
- 2026-09-11 09:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
- 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
- 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-08-28 20:23 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-12 08:17 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-08-11 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-07 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-02 02:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-08-01 04:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-07-30 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-07-27 15:27 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-07-27 14:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-07-26 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-07-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-07-23 14:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-07-23 03:03 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-07-22 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
- 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-07-20 17:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-07-18 10:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-07-16 17:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
- 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)
Same product
10 shownDebian:11:pam
Same vendor
10 shownredhat:RHSA-2025:14557 · redhat:RHSA-2025:15709 · redhat:RHSA-2025:15827
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2025-8941?
When was CVE-2025-8941 made public?
Is CVE-2025-8941 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-8941?
How do I remediate CVE-2025-8941?
Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2025-8941
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2025-8941?
EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.