CVE-2026-44320

HIGHNVD 7.37.3
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 7.3 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-05-08. NVD baseline CVSS 7.3; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this week

Also known asEUVD-2026-32578 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-wqfh-gq79-j8mf (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.3EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 7.3Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

The CVE record names the fixed release — apply it.

free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's NEF mounts the nnef-callback route group without inbound OAuth2/bearer-token authorization. A forged or arbitrary bearer token (e.g. Authorization: Bearer not-a-real-token) is enough to reach the SMF-callback handler -- the callback body is parsed and dispatched into NEF business logic instead of being rejected at the auth boundary. Same root cause as the other NEF SBI findings: the route group is mounted without any inbound auth middleware. NEF does not authenticate the producer NF identity before processing callback content; if an attacker can guess or obtain a valid NotifId, this missing auth boundary lets forged callbacks act on real subscription state. The route group is also reachable even when the runtime ServiceList does not declare it (it lists only nnef-pfdmanagement and nnef-oam). This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2.

CVSS v3
7.3
EG Score
7.3HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
48
EG Risk 48/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity73% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.3 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.2% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
15th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.3): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.3 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.3 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-27). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 27, 2026

Last Modified

October 14, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Jun 11, 2026
Fix named in the CVE record. Sources: github, github_pr.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

NEF nnef-callback route group is unauthenticated; forged callback requests are accepted into the processing path · Advisory · free5gc/free5gc · GitHub

https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/security/advisories/GHSA-wqfh-gq79-j8mf
GitHub pull request

fix(sbi): add inbound OAuth2 middleware to nnef-callback route

Upstream fix in progress (PR #24 · free5gc/nef, state=open)

https://github.com/free5gc/nef/pull/24
Web page

[Bugs] NEF `nnef-callback` is unauthenticated: forged callback requests are accepted into the processing path · Issue #860 · free5gc/free5gc · GitHub

https://github.com/free5gc/free5gc/issues/860

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-44320(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
gogithub.com/free5gc/nef—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Go(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
github.com/free5gc/nef—
  • every version through 1.2.3: no fix on record
  • every version on: no fix on record
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 42× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 275 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 175 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  2. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  3. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  4. 2026-10-28 06:04 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-28 06:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wqfh-gq79-j8mf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  6. 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  7. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  8. 2026-10-25 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  9. 2026-10-25 14:27 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-24 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  11. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  12. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  13. 2026-10-21 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  14. 2026-10-21 09:13 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-21 09:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wqfh-gq79-j8mf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  16. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  17. 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  18. 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  19. 2026-10-18 03:39 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  21. 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  22. 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  23. 2026-10-14 20:28 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-14 20:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wqfh-gq79-j8mf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  25. 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  2. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  3. 2026-10-12 16:05 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-11 19:47 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 17:02 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 14:27 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  8. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  9. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  10. 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  11. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  12. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  13. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  14. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  15. 2026-10-03 16:49 UTCOSV refresh
  16. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  17. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  18. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  19. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  20. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  21. 2026-09-23 17:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  22. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  23. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  24. 2026-09-17 19:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  25. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  26. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  27. 2026-09-14 07:37 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-09-14 07:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wqfh-gq79-j8mf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  29. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  30. 2026-09-13 03:09 UTCOSV refresh
  31. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  32. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  33. 2026-09-11 09:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  34. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  35. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  36. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  37. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  38. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  39. 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  40. 2026-09-01 13:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  41. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  42. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  43. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  44. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  45. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  46. 2026-08-25 05:15 UTCEG score recompute
  47. 2026-08-25 05:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wqfh-gq79-j8mf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  48. 2026-08-23 14:59 UTCEG score recompute
  49. 2026-08-23 14:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wqfh-gq79-j8mf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  50. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  51. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  52. 2026-08-21 20:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wqfh-gq79-j8mf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  53. 2026-08-21 01:29 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-08-21 01:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wqfh-gq79-j8mf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  55. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  56. 2026-08-20 11:15 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-08-20 11:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wqfh-gq79-j8mf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  58. 2026-08-19 17:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  59. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  60. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  61. 2026-08-17 09:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wqfh-gq79-j8mf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  62. 2026-08-16 15:26 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-08-16 15:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wqfh-gq79-j8mf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  64. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  65. 2026-08-16 02:48 UTCEG score recompute
  66. 2026-08-16 02:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wqfh-gq79-j8mf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  67. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  68. 2026-08-15 02:55 UTCEG score recompute
  69. 2026-08-15 02:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wqfh-gq79-j8mf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  70. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  71. 2026-08-14 14:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wqfh-gq79-j8mf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  72. 2026-08-14 01:25 UTCEG score recompute
  73. 2026-08-14 01:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wqfh-gq79-j8mf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  74. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  75. 2026-08-13 05:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wqfh-gq79-j8mf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-44320?
CVE-2026-44320 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 27, 2026. free5GC is an open-source implementation of the 5G core network. Prior to 4.2.2, free5GC's NEF mounts the nnef-callback route group without inbound OAuth2/bearer-token authorization. A forged or arbitrary bearer token (e.g. Authorization: Bearer not-a-real-token) is enough to reach the SMF-callback…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-44320 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-44320 was published on May 27, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 14, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-44320 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-44320 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (15th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-44320?
CVE-2026-44320 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.3 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-44320?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-44320 names the fix: "This vulnerability is fixed in 4.2.2." The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-44320 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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