CVE-2026-31236

CRITICALPre-NVD 9.89.8—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2026-05-12. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
9.8
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 0%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

The llm CLI tool thru 0.27.1 contains a critical code injection vulnerability via its --functions command-line argument. This argument is intended to allow users to provide custom Python function definitions. However, the tool directly executes the provided code using the unsafe exec() function without any sanitization, sandboxing, or security restrictions. An attacker can exploit this by crafting a malicious llm command with arbitrary Python code in the --functions argument and using social engineering to trick a victim into running it. This leads to arbitrary code execution on the victim's system, potentially granting the attacker full control.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8(medium)
EPSS
24.8%
KEV
Not listed

Published

May 12, 2026

Last Modified

July 15, 2026

Advisory Details (5)

Auto-updated Jul 16, 2026
Patch available. Sources: redhat.
redhat
https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-31236.json
redhat

2476636 – (CVE-2026-31236) CVE-2026-31236 llm: llm CLI tool: Arbitrary code execution via code injection in --functions argument

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2476636
redhat Patch Available

cve-details

https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-31236
generic

GitHub - simonw/llm: Access large language models from the command-line · GitHub

https://github.com/simonw/llm
generic

Notion

https://www.notion.so/CVE-2026-31236-35d1e139318881a4a0f1fffcf671f7e3

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-31236(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
pipllm—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
PyPI(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
llm0.1 ... 0.9a1 (55 versions)——

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 62× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 284 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-16 17:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-16 17:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-15 02:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-15 02:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-13 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-13 06:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-13 06:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-09 19:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-08 15:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-07-07 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-07-06 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-07-06 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-07-06 02:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-07-06 02:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-07-05 02:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-07-04 06:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-07-01 15:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-30 23:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-29 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-29 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-06-28 13:27 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-06-28 13:27 UTCGHSA enrichment
  4. 2026-06-28 08:22 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-06-28 08:22 UTCGHSA enrichment
  6. 2026-06-28 04:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-06-28 04:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-06-28 02:17 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-06-28 02:17 UTCGHSA enrichment
  10. 2026-06-27 13:16 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-06-27 13:16 UTCGHSA enrichment
  12. 2026-06-27 08:23 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-06-27 08:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  14. 2026-06-27 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-06-26 20:52 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-06-26 20:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-06-26 04:01 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-06-26 04:01 UTCGHSA enrichment
  19. 2026-06-25 21:54 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-06-25 21:53 UTCGHSA enrichment
  21. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-24 14:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-23 21:33 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-23 21:33 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-06-21 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-06-17 17:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-06-17 05:09 UTCEG score recompute
  37. 2026-06-17 05:09 UTCGHSA enrichment
  38. 2026-06-17 00:04 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-06-17 00:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  40. 2026-06-16 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-06-16 11:35 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-06-16 11:35 UTCGHSA enrichment
  43. 2026-06-16 06:05 UTCEG score recompute
  44. 2026-06-16 06:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
  45. 2026-06-15 17:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-06-15 04:25 UTCEG score recompute
  47. 2026-06-15 04:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  48. 2026-06-15 00:05 UTCEG score recompute
  49. 2026-06-15 00:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
  50. 2026-06-14 23:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-06-14 19:42 UTCEG score recompute
  52. 2026-06-14 19:42 UTCGHSA enrichment
  53. 2026-06-14 15:22 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-06-14 15:22 UTCGHSA enrichment
  55. 2026-06-14 10:53 UTCEG score recompute
  56. 2026-06-14 10:53 UTCGHSA enrichment
  57. 2026-06-14 06:33 UTCEG score recompute
  58. 2026-06-14 06:32 UTCGHSA enrichment
  59. 2026-06-14 00:55 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-06-14 00:55 UTCGHSA enrichment
  61. 2026-06-13 23:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-06-13 06:53 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-06-13 06:53 UTCGHSA enrichment
  64. 2026-06-13 01:38 UTCEG score recompute
  65. 2026-06-13 01:38 UTCGHSA enrichment
  66. 2026-06-12 23:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-06-12 23:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-06-12 21:18 UTCEG score recompute
  69. 2026-06-12 21:18 UTCGHSA enrichment
  70. 2026-06-12 16:57 UTCEG score recompute
  71. 2026-06-12 16:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
  72. 2026-06-12 11:06 UTCEG score recompute
  73. 2026-06-12 11:06 UTCGHSA enrichment
  74. 2026-06-12 06:46 UTCEG score recompute
  75. 2026-06-12 06:46 UTCGHSA enrichment

Related CVEs(same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-31236?
CVE-2026-31236 is a critical vulnerability published on May 12, 2026. The llm CLI tool thru 0.27.1 contains a critical code injection vulnerability via its --functions command-line argument. This argument is intended to allow users to provide custom Python function definitions. However, the tool directly executes the provided code using the unsafe exec() function…
When was CVE-2026-31236 disclosed?
CVE-2026-31236 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on May 12, 2026, with the most recent update on July 15, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2026-31236 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-31236 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 24.8% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-31236?
CVE-2026-31236 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (CISA-ADP / Vulnrichment enrichment; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-31236?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2026-31236, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2026-31236

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2026-31236?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.

Start Free Scan →Browse All CVEs