CVE-2026-31228

CRITICALPre-NVD 9.89.8—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2026-05-12. CISA-ADP (Vulnrichment) CVSS v3.1 baseline 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: cisa-adp, epss, ghsa
9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: None knownExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

The Adversarial Robustness Toolbox (ART) thru 1.20.1 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in its Kubeflow component. The robustness evaluation function for PyTorch models uses the unsafe eval() function to dynamically evaluate user-supplied strings for the LossFn and Optimizer parameters without any sanitization or security restrictions. An attacker can exploit this by providing a specially crafted string that contains arbitrary Python code, which will be executed when eval() is called, leading to complete compromise of the system running the ART evaluation.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8(medium)
EG Risk
59(Track)
EG Risk 59/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity98% × 45%
Exploitation1% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS PROB
1%
EPSS %ILE
47%
KEV
Not listed

Published

May 12, 2026

Last Modified

August 12, 2026

Advisory Details (5)

Auto-updated Aug 26, 2026
Patch available. Sources: redhat.
redhat
https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-31228.json
redhat

2476522 – (CVE-2026-31228) CVE-2026-31228 adversarial-robustness-toolbox: kubeflow: Adversarial Robustness Toolbox (ART) Kubeflow: Remote code execution via unsanitized user input

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2476522
redhat Patch Available

CVE-2026-31228 - Red Hat Customer Portal

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 or OpenShift Container Platform 4, is affected by this vulnerability and a fix may be released to a

https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-31228
generic

GitHub - Trusted-AI/adversarial-robustness-toolbox: Adversarial Robustness Toolbox (ART) - Python Library for Machine Learning Security - Evasion, Poisoning, Extraction, Inference - Red and Blue Teams · GitHub

https://github.com/Trusted-AI/adversarial-robustness-toolbox
generic

Notion

https://www.notion.so/CVE-2026-31228-35d1e1393188817f9ab0dc4b1651dfe9

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-31228(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 104× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 336 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-08-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-08-23 18:24 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-08-23 18:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  12. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-08-17 14:43 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-08-17 14:43 UTCGHSA enrichment
  20. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-08-17 10:55 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-08-17 10:54 UTCGHSA enrichment
  23. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-08-16 11:54 UTCGHSA enrichment
  25. 2026-08-16 08:06 UTCGHSA enrichment
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-08-16 04:17 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-08-16 04:17 UTCGHSA enrichment
  3. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-08-15 01:38 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-08-15 01:38 UTCGHSA enrichment
  6. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-08-14 21:50 UTCGHSA enrichment
  8. 2026-08-14 18:02 UTCGHSA enrichment
  9. 2026-08-14 14:13 UTCGHSA enrichment
  10. 2026-08-14 10:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  11. 2026-08-14 06:36 UTCGHSA enrichment
  12. 2026-08-14 02:48 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-08-14 02:48 UTCGHSA enrichment
  14. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-08-13 08:16 UTCGHSA enrichment
  16. 2026-08-13 03:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-08-13 00:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  18. 2026-08-12 20:15 UTCGHSA enrichment
  19. 2026-08-12 16:26 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-08-12 16:26 UTCGHSA enrichment
  21. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-08-12 12:38 UTCGHSA enrichment
  23. 2026-08-12 12:12 UTCGHSA enrichment
  24. 2026-08-11 22:38 UTCGHSA enrichment
  25. 2026-08-11 18:50 UTCEG score recompute
  26. 2026-08-11 18:50 UTCGHSA enrichment
  27. 2026-08-11 13:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  28. 2026-08-11 12:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  29. 2026-08-11 08:42 UTCGHSA enrichment
  30. 2026-08-11 04:53 UTCGHSA enrichment
  31. 2026-08-11 01:05 UTCEG score recompute
  32. 2026-08-11 01:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
  33. 2026-08-11 00:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-08-10 13:10 UTCGHSA enrichment
  35. 2026-08-10 09:22 UTCGHSA enrichment
  36. 2026-08-10 05:33 UTCGHSA enrichment
  37. 2026-08-10 01:45 UTCGHSA enrichment
  38. 2026-08-09 21:53 UTCGHSA enrichment
  39. 2026-08-09 18:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
  40. 2026-08-09 14:17 UTCEG score recompute
  41. 2026-08-09 14:17 UTCGHSA enrichment
  42. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-08-09 10:28 UTCGHSA enrichment
  44. 2026-08-09 05:56 UTCGHSA enrichment
  45. 2026-08-09 02:07 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-08-09 02:07 UTCGHSA enrichment
  47. 2026-08-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-08-08 11:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
  49. 2026-08-08 07:16 UTCGHSA enrichment
  50. 2026-08-08 03:28 UTCGHSA enrichment
  51. 2026-08-07 23:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  52. 2026-08-07 19:51 UTCEG score recompute
  53. 2026-08-07 19:51 UTCGHSA enrichment
  54. 2026-08-07 16:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  55. 2026-08-07 12:12 UTCGHSA enrichment
  56. 2026-08-07 07:58 UTCGHSA enrichment
  57. 2026-08-07 01:31 UTCGHSA enrichment
  58. 2026-08-06 20:42 UTCGHSA enrichment
  59. 2026-08-06 16:53 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-08-06 16:53 UTCGHSA enrichment
  61. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-08-06 13:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
  63. 2026-08-06 09:16 UTCGHSA enrichment
  64. 2026-08-06 05:27 UTCGHSA enrichment
  65. 2026-08-06 01:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  66. 2026-08-05 21:50 UTCEG score recompute
  67. 2026-08-05 21:50 UTCGHSA enrichment
  68. 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-08-04 15:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-08-04 10:38 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-08-04 02:59 UTCGHSA enrichment
  72. 2026-08-03 23:06 UTCGHSA enrichment
  73. 2026-08-03 19:17 UTCEG score recompute
  74. 2026-08-03 19:17 UTCGHSA enrichment
  75. 2026-08-03 10:36 UTCEPSS rescore

Related CVEs(same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-31228?
CVE-2026-31228 is a critical vulnerability published on May 12, 2026. The Adversarial Robustness Toolbox (ART) thru 1.20.1 contains a remote code execution vulnerability in its Kubeflow component. The robustness evaluation function for PyTorch models uses the unsafe eval() function to dynamically evaluate user-supplied strings for the LossFn and Optimizer parameters…
When was CVE-2026-31228 disclosed?
CVE-2026-31228 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on May 12, 2026, with the most recent update on August 12, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2026-31228 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-31228 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 53.2% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-31228?
CVE-2026-31228 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 (CISA-ADP / Vulnrichment enrichment; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-31228?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2026-31228, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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