CVE-2025-9784

HIGHPre-NVD 7.57.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

This high-severity CVE scores 7.5 under a secondary CVSS source (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit probability: 2.3% (83rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from a secondary CVSS source
Sources: EPSS, a secondary CVSS source
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekElevated
7.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Public exploit or proof-of-concept code is available
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 2.3%CVSS: 7.5Exploit: Public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

A flaw was found in Undertow where malformed client requests can trigger server-side stream resets without triggering abuse counters. This issue, referred to as the "MadeYouReset" attack, allows malicious clients to induce excessive server workload by repeatedly causing server-side stream aborts. While not a protocol bug, this highlights a common implementation weakness that can be exploited to cause a denial of service (DoS).

CVSS v3
7.5
EG Score
7.5HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
65
EG Risk 65/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity75% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
2.3%
EPSS %ILE
83rd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.5 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.a secondary CVSS source · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
2.3% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-21). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

September 2, 2025

Last Modified

October 14, 2026

Advisory Details (10)

Auto-updated Jun 25, 2026
Patch available. Sources: redhat.
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:4917
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:4916
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:4915
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3892
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3891
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:3889
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0386
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0384
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8. Red Hat Product Security has rated this update as having a security impact of Important. A Common

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:0383
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:23143

Patch Availability(16)

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(2 across 2 ecosystems)
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
undertow1.3.11-1 ... 2.3.8-2 (55 versions)
  • every version up to 2.3.20-1: fixed in 2.3.20-1
—
Maven(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
io.undertow:undertow-core2.3.0.Alpha1 ... 2.3.9.Final (23 versions)
  • every version up to 2.2.38.Final: fixed in 2.2.38.Final
  • 2.3.0.Alpha1 up to 2.3.20.Final: fixed in 2.3.20.Final
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 53× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 193 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 93 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 83rd percentile
  2. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 83rd percentile
  3. 2026-10-21 23:18 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-21 23:18 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 83rd percentile
  6. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 83rd percentile
  7. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 83rd percentile
  8. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 83rd percentile
  9. 2026-10-18 05:13 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 83rd percentile
  11. 2026-10-16 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 83rd percentile
  12. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 83rd percentile
  13. 2026-10-14 17:30 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-14 17:30 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-14 16:46 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-14 16:46 UTCVendor advisory
  17. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 83rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 83rd percentile
  19. 2026-10-12 16:43 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 83rd percentile
  21. 2026-10-11 20:18 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-11 18:30 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-11 15:04 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 83rd percentile
  25. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 83rd percentile
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 83rd percentile
  2. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  3. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  4. 2026-10-06 17:20 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-06 17:20 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-06 17:13 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-10-06 16:52 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-06 16:52 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  10. 2026-10-06 12:28 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-06 12:28 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-06 11:50 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-06 11:50 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-10-06 00:26 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-06 00:26 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-10-05 23:39 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-05 23:39 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  19. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  20. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  21. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  22. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  23. 2026-09-29 15:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  24. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  25. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  26. 2026-09-26 00:30 UTCEG score recompute
  27. 2026-09-26 00:30 UTCVendor advisory
  28. 2026-09-24 03:01 UTCOSV refresh
  29. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  30. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  31. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  32. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  33. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  34. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  35. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  36. 2026-09-11 09:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  37. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  38. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  39. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  40. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  41. 2026-09-04 20:30 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-09-04 20:30 UTCVendor advisory
  43. 2026-09-04 20:05 UTCEG score recompute
  44. 2026-09-04 20:05 UTCVendor advisory
  45. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  46. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  47. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  48. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  49. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  50. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  51. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  52. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  53. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  54. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  55. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  56. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  57. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  58. 2026-08-19 08:21 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-08-19 08:21 UTCVendor advisory
  60. 2026-08-19 07:49 UTCEG score recompute
  61. 2026-08-19 07:49 UTCVendor advisory
  62. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  63. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  64. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 82nd percentile
  65. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 81st percentile
  66. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 81st percentile
  67. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 81st percentile
  68. 2026-08-11 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 81st percentile
  69. 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 81st percentile
  70. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 81st percentile
  71. 2026-08-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 81st percentile
  72. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 81st percentile
  73. 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.3% · 81st percentile
  74. 2026-08-04 16:29 UTCEG score recompute
  75. 2026-08-04 16:29 UTCVendor advisory

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-9784?
CVE-2025-9784 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on September 2, 2025. A flaw was found in Undertow where malformed client requests can trigger server-side stream resets without triggering abuse counters. This issue, referred to as the "MadeYouReset" attack, allows malicious clients to induce excessive server workload by repeatedly causing server-side stream aborts.…
When was CVE-2025-9784 made public?
CVE-2025-9784 was made public on September 1, 2025: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, Red Hat, Inc., gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on September 2, 2025. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 14, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-9784 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-9784 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 2.3% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (83rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-9784?
CVE-2025-9784 has a CVSS base score of 7.5 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-9784?
A fix for CVE-2025-9784 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-9784 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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