CVE-2025-68973

HIGHNVD 7.07.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than NVD's CVSS score.

Score 7.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2025-12-28. NVD baseline CVSS 7.0; sources differ by 0.8.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 5 sources updated this weekElevated
7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 7.0Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In GnuPG before 2.4.9, armor_filter in g10/armor.c has two increments of an index variable where one is intended, leading to an out-of-bounds write for crafted input. (For ExtendedLTS, 2.2.51 and later are fixed versions.)

CVSS v3
7.0
EG Score
7.8HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
51
EG Risk 51/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity78% × 45%
The EG Score, 7.8 of 10.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
3rd
KEV
Not listed

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

December 28, 2025

Last Modified

October 13, 2026

Advisory Details (9)

Auto-updated Aug 6, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit.
Web page

gpg.fail

https://gpg.fail/memcpy
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

[SECURITY] [DLA 4437-1] gnupg2 security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2026/01/msg00008.html
Web page

oss-security - Re: Many vulnerabilities in GnuPG

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/29/11
Web page

oss-security - Re: Many vulnerabilities in GnuPG

https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/12/28/5
Web page

Gpg.fail | Hacker News

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=46403200
Web page

To sign or not to sign: Practical vulnerabilities in GPG & friends - media.ccc.de

https://media.ccc.de/v/39c3-to-sign-or-not-to-sign-practical-vulnerabilities-i
Web page

Comparing gnupg-2.2.50...gnupg-2.2.51 · gpg/gnupg · GitHub

https://github.com/gpg/gnupg/compare/gnupg-2.2.50...gnupg-2.2.51
GitHub commit

commit 115d138ba599 (gpg/gnupg)

Fix landed in gpg/gnupg commit 115d138ba599 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/gpg/gnupg/commit/115d138ba599328005c5321c0ef9f00355838ca9
Web page

gnupg/g10/armor.c at ff30683418695f5d2cc9e6cf8c9418e09378ebe4 · gpg/gnupg · GitHub

https://github.com/gpg/gnupg/blob/ff30683418695f5d2cc9e6cf8c9418e09378ebe4/g10/armor.c#L1305-L1306

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-68973(20)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(24)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntuscdaemon (2.4.4-2ubuntu23.2) @ plucky2026-05-29ubuntu
ubuntugpgv (1.4.20-1ubuntu3.3+esm3) @ xenial2026-05-29ubuntu
redhatadvanced-cluster-security/rhacs-scanner-v4-rhel8:17700747132026-02-11redhat
redhatrhui5/rhua-rhel9:17708087652026-02-11redhat
redhatinsights-proxy/insights-proxy-container-rhel9:17707404052026-02-10redhat
redhatadvanced-cluster-security/rhacs-scanner-v4-rhel8:17702508892026-02-09redhat
redhatcompliance/openshift-compliance-rhel8-operator:17694589162026-02-03redhat
redhatrhceph/rhceph-7-rhel9:17695084552026-02-03redhat
redhatgnupg2-0:2.3.3-2.el9_2.12026-02-02redhat
redhatdiscovery/discovery-ui-rhel9:17691117742026-02-02redhat
redhatgnupg2-0:2.0.22-5.el7_9.12026-02-02redhat
redhatgnupg2-0:2.3.3-2.el9_0.12026-02-02redhat
redhatgnupg2-0:2.4.5-2.el10_0.12026-02-02redhat
redhatrhceph/rhceph-8-rhel9:17695123832026-02-02redhat
redhatadvanced-cluster-security/rhacs-scanner-v4-rhel8:17696156592026-01-28redhat
redhatgnupg2-0:2.2.9-1.el8_2.12026-01-28redhat
redhatgnupg2-0:2.3.3-4.el9_6.12026-01-26redhat
redhatgnupg2-0:2.3.3-4.el9_4.12026-01-26redhat
redhatgnupg2-0:2.2.20-2.el8_4.12026-01-22redhat
redhatgnupg2-0:2.2.20-3.el8_6.12026-01-22redhat
redhatgnupg2-0:2.2.20-3.el8_8.12026-01-21redhat
redhatgnupg2-0:2.4.5-3.el10_12026-01-15redhat
redhatgnupg2-0:2.3.3-5.el9_72026-01-15redhat
redhatgnupg2-0:2.2.20-4.el8_102026-01-15redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(9 across 9 ecosystems)
Alpine:v3.20(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gnupg—
  • every version up to 2.4.9-r0: fixed in 2.4.9-r0
—
Alpine:v3.21(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gnupg—
  • every version up to 2.4.9-r0: fixed in 2.4.9-r0
—
Alpine:v3.22(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gnupg—
  • every version up to 2.4.9-r0: fixed in 2.4.9-r0
—
Alpine:v3.23(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gnupg—
  • every version up to 2.4.9-r0: fixed in 2.4.9-r0
—
Alpine:v3.24(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gnupg—
  • every version up to 2.4.9-r0: fixed in 2.4.9-r0
—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gnupg22.2.27-2, 2.2.27-2+deb11u1, 2.2.27-2+deb11u2
  • every version up to 2.2.27-2+deb11u3: fixed in 2.2.27-2+deb11u3
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gnupg22.2.40-1.1, 2.2.40-1.1+deb12u1
  • every version up to 2.2.40-1.1+deb12u2: fixed in 2.2.40-1.1+deb12u2
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gnupg22.4.7-21
  • every version up to 2.4.7-21+deb13u1: fixed in 2.4.7-21+deb13u1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gnupg22.4.7-21, 2.4.8-1, 2.4.8-2, 2.4.8-3, 2.4.8-4
  • every version up to 2.4.8-5: fixed in 2.4.8-5
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(5)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 14× in last 7d / 33× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 95 of 177 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 5 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 82 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  2. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  3. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  4. 2026-10-13 09:27 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-13 09:27 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-13 09:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pj23-86ww-f72p · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  7. 2026-10-13 09:24 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 7
  8. 2026-10-12 16:46 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-11 20:21 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-11 18:33 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-11 15:08 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  13. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  15. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  16. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  17. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  19. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  20. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  21. 2026-10-03 10:09 UTCOSV refresh
  22. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  23. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  24. 2026-09-29 15:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  25. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
Show 70 more
  1. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  2. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  3. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  4. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  5. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  6. 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  7. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  8. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  9. 2026-09-15 03:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  10. 2026-09-14 04:49 UTCOSV refresh
  11. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  12. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  13. 2026-09-11 09:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  14. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  15. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  16. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  17. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  18. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  19. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  20. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  21. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  22. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  23. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  24. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  25. 2026-08-26 05:43 UTCOSV refresh
  26. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  27. 2026-08-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  28. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  29. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  30. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  31. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  32. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  33. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  34. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  35. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  36. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  37. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  38. 2026-08-11 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  39. 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  40. 2026-08-09 22:34 UTCEG score recompute
  41. 2026-08-09 22:34 UTCVendor advisory
  42. 2026-08-09 22:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pj23-86ww-f72p · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  43. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  44. 2026-08-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  45. 2026-08-08 05:03 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-08-08 05:03 UTCVendor advisory
  47. 2026-08-08 05:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pj23-86ww-f72p · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  48. 2026-08-07 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  49. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  50. 2026-08-06 06:58 UTCEG score recompute
  51. 2026-08-06 06:58 UTCVendor advisory
  52. 2026-08-06 06:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-pj23-86ww-f72p · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  53. 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  54. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  55. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  56. 2026-08-02 02:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  57. 2026-08-01 04:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  58. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  59. 2026-07-30 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  60. 2026-07-27 14:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  61. 2026-07-26 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  62. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  63. 2026-07-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  64. 2026-07-23 14:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  65. 2026-07-23 11:49 UTCOSV refresh
  66. 2026-07-23 03:02 UTCEG score recompute
  67. 2026-07-22 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  68. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  69. 2026-07-20 17:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  70. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile

Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-68973?
CVE-2025-68973 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on December 28, 2025. In GnuPG before 2.4.9, armor_filter in g10/armor.c has two increments of an index variable where one is intended, leading to an out-of-bounds write for crafted input. (For ExtendedLTS, 2.2.51 and later are fixed versions.)
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-68973 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-68973 was published on December 28, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 13, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-68973 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-68973 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (3rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-68973?
CVE-2025-68973 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.0 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 7.8 (HIGH).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-68973?
A fix for CVE-2025-68973 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-68973 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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