Dalfox is a powerful open-source XSS scanner and utility focused on automation. Prior to 2.13.0, when dalfox is started in REST API server mode (dalfox server), the server binds to 0.0.0.0:6664 by default and requires no API key unless the operator explicitly passes --api-key. Because model.Options — including FoundAction and FoundActionShell — is deserialized directly from attacker-supplied JSON in POST /scan, and because dalfox.Initialize explicitly propagates those two fields into the final scan options without stripping them, any unauthenticated caller who can reach the server port can supply an arbitrary shell command that the dalfox process will execute on the host whenever a scan finding is triggered. This vulnerability is fixed in 2.13.0.
CVE-2026-45087
“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.
This critical-severity CVE scores 10.0 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 1.4% (71st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.
- Public exploit code is available (Metasploit)
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 10.0
- EG Score
- 10.0CRITICALmedium confidence
- EG Risk
- 86EG Risk 86/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity100% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 10.0 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation65% × 40%EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 2 (Weaponized): a constant, not a probability.Automatability100% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high. - EPSS PROB
- 1.4%
- EPSS %ILE
- 71st
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (10.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 10.0 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 10.0 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
- EG Likelihood
- 1.4% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-18). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.
In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
May 27, 2026
Last Modified
May 28, 2026
Advisory Details (2)
Auto-updated Oct 15, 2026GHSA: Unauthenticated Remote Code Execution via `found-action` in Dalfox Server Mode · Advisory · hahwul/dalfox · GitHub
https://github.com/hahwul/dalfox/security/advisories/GHSA-v25v-m36w-jp4hv2.13.0
Patch available: hahwul/dalfox v2.13.0
https://github.com/hahwul/dalfox/releases/tag/v2.13.0Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-45087(1)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
Affected Packages
(2 across 1 ecosystem)
Go(2)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| github.com/hahwul/dalfox | — |
| — |
| github.com/hahwul/dalfox/v2 | — |
| — |
Weakness Classification(3)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 13× in last 7d / 34× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 100 of 181 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 81 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 71st percentile
- 2026-10-19 12:21 UTCEG score recompute
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- 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 71st percentile
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- 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 71st percentile
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- 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 71st percentile
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- 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 71st percentile
- 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 71st percentile
- 2026-10-03 16:49 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 71st percentile
- 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 71st percentile
- 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 71st percentile
- 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 71st percentile
- 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.4% · 71st percentile
- 2026-09-23 17:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 13% · 96th percentile
- 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 13% · 96th percentile
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- 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 13% · 96th percentile
- 2026-09-14 07:36 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 13% · 96th percentile
- 2026-09-13 03:09 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 13% · 96th percentile
- 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 13% · 96th percentile
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- 2026-08-25 05:12 UTCEG score recompute
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- 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
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- 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
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- 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
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- 2026-08-16 15:13 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
- 2026-08-16 02:47 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
- 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
- 2026-08-14 01:25 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
- 2026-08-12 13:53 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-12 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
- 2026-08-11 18:30 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-11 00:11 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-11 00:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
- 2026-08-09 16:39 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
- 2026-08-08 21:10 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
- 2026-08-07 20:07 UTCEG score recompute
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- 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
- 2026-08-05 20:51 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
- 2026-08-04 15:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
- 2026-08-04 10:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
- 2026-08-03 16:25 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-03 10:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
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- 2026-08-02 02:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
- 2026-08-01 15:08 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-01 04:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
- 2026-07-31 07:27 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-07-30 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
- 2026-07-30 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.5% · 71st percentile
Publicly available exploits
(1 reference)Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Metasploit module). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.
- Metasploitexploit/linux/http/dalfox_server_rce_cve_2026_45087✓ verifiedPublished Jun 24, 2026
Dalfox Found-Action Deserialization RCE
Open source ↗
Related CVEs(same product + same CWE)
Same product
3 shownGo:github.com/hahwul/dalfox
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2026-45087?
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-45087 published?
Is CVE-2026-45087 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-45087?
How do I remediate CVE-2026-45087?
Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2026-45087
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2026-45087?
EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.