Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. From 13.4.13 to before 15.5.16 and 16.2.5, self-hosted applications using the built-in Node.js server can be vulnerable to server-side request forgery through crafted WebSocket upgrade requests. An attacker can cause the server to proxy requests to arbitrary internal or external destinations, which may expose internal services or cloud metadata endpoints. Vercel-hosted deployments are not affected. This vulnerability is fixed in 15.5.16 and 16.2.5.
CVE-2026-44578
“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.
This high-severity CVE scores 8.6 under a secondary CVSS source (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit probability: 36% (98th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.
Also known asEUVD-2026-30080 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD
- Public exploit or proof-of-concept code is available
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 8.6
- EG Score
- 8.6HIGHmedium confidence
- EG Risk
- 70EG Risk 70/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity86% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.6 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation40% × 40%EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.Automatability100% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high. - EPSS PROB
- 36%
- EPSS %ILE
- 98th
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (8.6): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 8.6 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 8.6 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.a secondary CVSS source · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
- EG Likelihood
- 36% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-28). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.
In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
May 13, 2026
Last Modified
October 26, 2026
Advisory Details (1)
Auto-updated May 13, 2026Server-side request forgery in applications using WebSocket upgrades · Advisory · vercel/next.js · GitHub
https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/advisories/GHSA-c4j6-fc7j-m34rVendor Advisories for CVE-2026-44578(4)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
- RHSA-2026:54435Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Streams for Apache Kafka 3.2.1 release and security update
- RHSA-2026:40974Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: RHTAS 1.3.6 - Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer Release
- RHSA-2026:37272Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: RHTAS 1.4.2 - Red Hat Trusted Artifact Signer Release
- RHSA-2026:34608Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Streams for Apache Kafka 2.9.4 release and security update
Patch Availability(3)
| Vendor / Ecosystem | Fix (by version range) / Patch | Released | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| redhat | next | 2026-08-12 | redhat |
| redhat | rhtas/rekor-search-ui-rhel9:1783958622 | 2026-07-16 | redhat |
| redhat | rhtas/rekor-search-ui-rhel9:1783327185 | 2026-07-09 | redhat |
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Affected Packages
(1 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| next | — |
| — |
Weakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 42× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 100 of 203 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 103 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
- 2026-10-29 16:25 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-29 16:25 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
- 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
- 2026-10-26 14:32 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-26 14:32 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-25 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
- 2026-10-25 14:27 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-24 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
- 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
- 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
- 2026-10-21 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
- 2026-10-21 16:25 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-21 16:25 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
- 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
- 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
- 2026-10-18 03:39 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
- 2026-10-17 13:55 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 13:55 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
- 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
- 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
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- 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
- 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
- 2026-10-12 16:05 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 19:47 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 17:01 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 14:27 UTCEG score recompute▼ 0.10
- 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
- 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
- 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
- 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
- 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
- 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
- 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
- 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
- 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
- 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
- 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
- 2026-09-30 04:58 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
- 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
- 2026-09-23 17:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-09-17 19:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-09-11 09:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-09-11 08:23 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-09-01 13:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-08-23 17:51 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-23 17:51 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-08-20 19:48 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-20 19:48 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-19 17:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-08-17 10:39 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-17 10:39 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-08-16 04:03 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-16 04:03 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-08-15 00:29 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-14 13:32 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-14 02:32 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-14 02:32 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-08-13 13:38 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-13 13:38 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-13 12:28 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-13 12:28 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-13 02:47 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-12 15:50 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-12 15:50 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-12 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
- 2026-08-11 15:28 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-11 15:28 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-11 00:57 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-10 11:30 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-09 23:51 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-09 12:54 UTCVendor advisory
Publicly available exploits
(6 references)Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (5 GitHub PoCs), as is 1 Nuclei detection template. A detection template checks whether a system is affected; it is not necessarily exploit code. Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.
- GitHub PoC0xBlackash/CVE-2026-44578Published May 16, 2026
CVE-2026-44578
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoC0xredash/CVE-2026-44578Published May 16, 2026
CVE-2026-44578
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCdinosn/CVE-2026-44578Published May 16, 2026
CVE-2026-44578: Next.js WebSocket Upgrade SSRF — pre-auth credential theft via localhost:80. Lab + exploit + audit.
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoClove07oj/nextjs-cve-2026-44578Published May 15, 2026
Nuclei templates for detecting CVE-2026-44578 (Next.js WebSocket Upgrade SSRF) with multi-cloud metadata validation, Next.js fingerprinting, and real-world scanning workflows. Includes references to the original NextSSRF research and exploit tooling.
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCynsmroztas/nextssrfPublished May 15, 2026
NextSSRF — CVE-2026-44578 Scanner & Exploit ║ ║ Next.js WebSocket Upgrade Handler SSRF
Open source ↗ - Nucleijavascript/cves/2026/CVE-2026-44578.yamlPublished May 15, 2026
Next.js WebSocket Upgrade Handler - SSRF
Open source ↗
Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)
Same product
10 shownnpm:next
Same vendor
10 shownredhat:RHSA-2026:34608 · redhat:RHSA-2026:37272
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2026-44578?
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-44578 published?
Is CVE-2026-44578 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-44578?
How do I remediate CVE-2026-44578?
Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2026-44578
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2026-44578?
EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.