CVE-2026-4159

LOWNVD 3.33.3
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 3.3 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: LOW) published 2026-03-20. NVD baseline CVSS 3.3; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
3.3EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.1%CVSS: 3.3Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is referenced (a reference tagged "Patch", often a source commit), but no release containing it is confirmed — find the release that contains it; until it is applied, mitigate (WAF / firewall / segmentation).

1-byte OOB heap read in wc_PKCS7_DecodeEnvelopedData via zero-length encrypted content. A vulnerability existed in wolfSSL 5.8.4 and earlier, where a 1-byte out-of-bounds heap read in wc_PKCS7_DecodeEnvelopedData could be triggered by a crafted CMS EnvelopedData message with zero-length encrypted content. Note that PKCS7 support is disabled by default.

CVSS v3
3.3
EG Score
3.3LOWmedium confidence
EG Risk
15
EG Risk 15/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity33% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 3.3 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.1% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is referenced, but no release containing it is confirmed. Check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it and apply that within your standard update timelines; until then, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation.
EPSS PROB
0.1%
EPSS %ILE
2nd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (3.3): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 3.3 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
3.3 LOWCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.1% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-17). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is referenced, but no release containing it is confirmed. Check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it and apply that within your standard update timelines; until then, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

March 19, 2026

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

References (1)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-4159(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Affected Packages

(3 across 3 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
wolfssl4.6.0+p1-0+deb11u1 ... 5.9.2-1 (40 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
wolfssl5.5.4-2 ... 5.9.2-1 (27 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
wolfssl5.7.2-0.1 ... 5.9.2-1 (14 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 29× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 98 of 155 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 2 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 57 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  2. 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  3. 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  4. 2026-10-18 03:41 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  6. 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  7. 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  8. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  9. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  10. 2026-10-12 16:08 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-11 19:50 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-11 17:04 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-11 14:30 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-11 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  15. 2026-10-11 07:55 UTCOSV refresh
  16. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  17. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  18. 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  19. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  20. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  21. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  22. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  23. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  24. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  25. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
Show 73 more
  1. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  2. 2026-09-26 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  3. 2026-09-26 00:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  4. 2026-09-21 21:01 UTCOSV refresh
  5. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  6. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  7. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  8. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  9. 2026-09-10 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  10. 2026-09-08 22:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  11. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  12. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  13. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  14. 2026-09-02 17:08 UTCOSV refresh
  15. 2026-09-01 13:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  16. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  17. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  18. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  19. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  20. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  21. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  22. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  23. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  24. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  25. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  26. 2026-08-16 11:07 UTCEG score recompute
  27. 2026-08-16 11:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m9r6-9wmx-24jv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 3.3
  28. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  29. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  30. 2026-08-12 22:00 UTCEG score recompute
  31. 2026-08-12 22:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m9r6-9wmx-24jv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 3.3
  32. 2026-08-11 00:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  33. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  34. 2026-08-09 08:16 UTCEG score recompute
  35. 2026-08-09 08:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m9r6-9wmx-24jv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 3.3
  36. 2026-08-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  37. 2026-08-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  38. 2026-08-06 01:31 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-08-06 01:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m9r6-9wmx-24jv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 3.3
  40. 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  41. 2026-08-04 15:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  42. 2026-08-04 10:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  43. 2026-08-03 10:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  44. 2026-08-02 16:26 UTCEG score recompute
  45. 2026-08-02 16:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m9r6-9wmx-24jv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 3.3
  46. 2026-08-01 04:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  47. 2026-07-30 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  48. 2026-07-30 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  49. 2026-07-28 15:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  50. 2026-07-26 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  51. 2026-07-24 14:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  52. 2026-07-23 03:11 UTCEG score recompute
  53. 2026-07-22 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  54. 2026-07-20 17:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  55. 2026-07-18 10:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  56. 2026-07-16 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  57. 2026-07-16 11:49 UTCOSV refresh
  58. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  59. 2026-07-13 22:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  60. 2026-07-13 06:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  61. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  62. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  63. 2026-07-09 19:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  64. 2026-07-08 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  65. 2026-07-07 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  66. 2026-07-06 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  67. 2026-07-06 02:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  68. 2026-07-04 06:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  69. 2026-07-01 15:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  70. 2026-06-30 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  71. 2026-06-29 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  72. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile
  73. 2026-06-28 04:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS <0.1% · below the 1st percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-4159?
CVE-2026-4159 is a low-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on March 19, 2026. 1-byte OOB heap read in wcPKCS7DecodeEnvelopedData via zero-length encrypted content. A vulnerability existed in wolfSSL 5.8.4 and earlier, where a 1-byte out-of-bounds heap read in wcPKCS7DecodeEnvelopedData could be triggered by a crafted CMS EnvelopedData message with zero-length encrypted…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-4159 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-4159 was published on March 19, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of June 17, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-4159 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-4159 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (2nd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-4159?
CVE-2026-4159 has a CVSS v3 base score of 3.3 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-4159?
A fix for CVE-2026-4159 is referenced (a reference tagged "Patch", often a source commit), but EchelonGraph has no release containing it on record. Check that reference and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains the fix and update to it; until then, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-4159 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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