CVE-2026-40494

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.3%, top 76% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
Elevated
9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: Elevated riskExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302, the TGA codec's RLE decoder in tga.c has an asymmetric bounds check vulnerability. The run-packet path (line 297) correctly clamps the repeat count to the remaining buffer space, but the raw-packet path (line 305-311) has no equivalent bounds check. This allows writing up to 496 bytes of attacker-controlled data past the end of a heap buffer. Commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302 patches the issue.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8(medium)
EG Risk
75(Attend)
EG Risk 75/100SSVC: Attend

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity98% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Remediate soon — notable exploitation risk.
EPSS PROB
0%
EPSS %ILE
24%
KEV
Not listed

Published

April 18, 2026

Last Modified

April 20, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Jul 27, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github.
github Patch Available🟡 PoC Available

Heap buffer overflow in TGA RLE decoder — raw packet path missing bounds check (tga.c:309) · Advisory · HappySeaFox/sail · GitHub

https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-cp2j-rwh4-r46f
github_commit Patch Available

commit 45d48d1f2e8e (HappySeaFox/sail)

Patch available: HappySeaFox/sail v1.0.0 (contains commit 45d48d1f2e8e)

https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/commit/45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 12× in last 7d / 38× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-07-27 14:13 UTCEPSS rescore
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  10. 2026-07-23 03:11 UTCEG score recompute
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  13. 2026-07-20 18:02 UTCOSV refresh
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  1. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
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  73. 2026-05-20 11:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-05-19 01:50 UTCEG score recompute

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-40494?
CVE-2026-40494 is a critical vulnerability published on April 18, 2026. SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 45d48d1f2e8e0d73e80bc1fd5310cb57f4547302, the TGA codec's RLE decoder in tga.c has an asymmetric bounds check vulnerability. The run-packet path (line 297)…
When was CVE-2026-40494 disclosed?
CVE-2026-40494 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on April 18, 2026, with the most recent update on April 20, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2026-40494 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-40494 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 76.3% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-40494?
CVE-2026-40494 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-40494?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2026-40494, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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