CVE-2026-40492

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.3%, top 74% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
Elevated
9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: Elevated riskExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02, the XWD codec resolves pixel format based on pixmap_depth but the byte-swap code uses bits_per_pixel independently. When pixmap_depth=8 (BPP8_INDEXED, 1 byte/pixel buffer) but bits_per_pixel=32, the byte-swap loop accesses memory as uint32_t*, reading/writing 4x the allocated buffer size. This is a different vulnerability from the previously reported GHSA-3g38-x2pj-mv55 (CVE-2026-27168), which addressed bytes_per_line validation. Commit 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02 contains a patch.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8(medium)
EG Risk
75(Attend)
EG Risk 75/100SSVC: Attend

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity98% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Remediate soon — notable exploitation risk.
EPSS PROB
0%
EPSS %ILE
26%
KEV
Not listed

Published

April 18, 2026

Last Modified

April 20, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Sep 9, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: github, github_commit.
github Patch Available🟡 PoC Available

Heap buffer overflow in XWD decoder — bits_per_pixel vs pixmap_depth type confusion in byte-swap (helpers.c:374) · Advisory · HappySeaFox/sail · GitHub

https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-526v-vm72-4v64
github_commit Patch Available

commit 36aa5c7ec8a2 (HappySeaFox/sail)

Patch available: HappySeaFox/sail v1.0.0 (contains commit 36aa5c7ec8a2)

https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/commit/36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02

Affected Packages

(2 across 2 ecosystems)
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
sail0.9.10-1 ... 0.9.9-1 (6 versions)——
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
sail0.9.10-1, 0.9.8-1, 0.9.9-10.9.10-2—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 27× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 154 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-09-15 03:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescore
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  11. 2026-09-02 14:31 UTCOSV refresh
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  1. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
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  3. 2026-08-16 06:28 UTCEG score recompute
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  6. 2026-08-14 04:36 UTCEG score recompute
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  8. 2026-08-12 18:46 UTCEG score recompute
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  18. 2026-08-07 17:07 UTCEG score recompute
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  20. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
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  22. 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescore
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  25. 2026-08-02 12:59 UTCEG score recompute
  26. 2026-08-02 02:27 UTCEPSS rescore
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  28. 2026-07-30 16:28 UTCEPSS rescore
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  40. 2026-07-23 03:11 UTCEG score recompute
  41. 2026-07-22 14:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-07-20 18:02 UTCOSV refresh
  44. 2026-07-20 17:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-07-19 14:31 UTCEPSS rescore
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  47. 2026-07-18 10:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-07-16 17:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
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  71. 2026-06-27 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
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  74. 2026-06-24 14:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-06-23 21:33 UTCEPSS rescore

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-40492?
CVE-2026-40492 is a critical vulnerability published on April 18, 2026. SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. Prior to commit 36aa5c7ec8a2bb35f6fb867a1177a6f141156b02, the XWD codec resolves pixel format based on pixmapdepth but the byte-swap code uses bitsperpixel independently. When…
When was CVE-2026-40492 disclosed?
CVE-2026-40492 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on April 18, 2026, with the most recent update on April 20, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2026-40492 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-40492 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 73.8% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-40492?
CVE-2026-40492 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-40492?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2026-40492, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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