CVE-2025-8677

HIGHPre-NVD 7.57.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 7.5 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2025-10-22. A secondary CVSS source baseline 7.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Trending — 4 sources updated this weekElevated
7.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 11%CVSS: 7.5Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Querying for records within a specially crafted zone containing certain malformed DNSKEY records can lead to CPU exhaustion. This issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.18.0 through 9.18.39, 9.20.0 through 9.20.13, 9.21.0 through 9.21.12, 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.39-S1, and 9.20.9-S1 through 9.20.13-S1.

CVSS v3
7.5
EG Score
7.5HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
65
EG Risk 65/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity75% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
11%
EPSS %ILE
95th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.5 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
11% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-17). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

October 22, 2025

Last Modified

October 8, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Sep 22, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

oss-security - ISC has disclosed three vulnerabilities in BIND 9 (CVE-2025-8677, CVE-2025-40778, CVE-2025-40780)

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/10/22/1
Web page

CVE-2025-8677: Resource exhaustion via malformed DNSKEY handling

https://kb.isc.org/docs/cve-2025-8677

Patch Availability(19)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntudnsutils (1:9.18.30-0ubuntu0.20.04.2+esm1) @ focal2026-10-17ubuntu
ubuntubind9-utils (1:9.20.11-1ubuntu2.1) @ questing2026-10-17ubuntu
ubuntulwresd (1:9.9.5.dfsg-3ubuntu0.19+esm15) @ trusty2026-10-17ubuntu
redhatbind-32:9.16.23-40.el9_8.12026-05-19redhat
redhatbind-main-9.18.48-1.hum12026-04-07redhat
redhatrhcos-415.92.202601271320-02026-02-05redhat
redhatrhcos-414.92.202601191325-02026-01-30redhat
redhatrhcos-4.19.9.6.202601130152-02026-01-22redhat
redhatrhcos-413.92.202601130113-02026-01-22redhat
redhatrhcos-417.94.202601120213-02026-01-22redhat
redhatrhcos-412.86.202601061735-02026-01-15redhat
redhatrhcos-418.94.202601071817-02026-01-15redhat
redhatrhcos-416.94.202601071926-02026-01-15redhat
redhatrhcos-4.20.9.6.202601052146-02026-01-14redhat
redhatdiscovery/discovery-ui-rhel9:2.4.0-17636561522025-11-24redhat
redhatbind9.18-32:9.18.29-5.el9_7.22025-11-12redhat
redhatbind-32:9.18.33-10.el10_1.22025-11-11redhat
redhatbind9.18-32:9.18.29-4.el9_6.22025-11-10redhat
redhatbind-32:9.18.33-4.el10_0.22025-11-06redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(10 across 10 ecosystems)
Alpine:v3.19(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
bind—
  • every version up to 9.18.41-r0: fixed in 9.18.41-r0
—
Alpine:v3.20(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
bind—
  • every version up to 9.18.41-r0: fixed in 9.18.41-r0
—
Alpine:v3.21(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
bind—
  • every version up to 9.18.41-r0: fixed in 9.18.41-r0
—
Alpine:v3.22(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
bind—
  • every version up to 9.20.15-r0: fixed in 9.20.15-r0
—
Alpine:v3.23(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
bind—
  • every version up to 9.20.15-r0: fixed in 9.20.15-r0
—
Alpine:v3.24(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
bind—
  • every version up to 9.20.15-r0: fixed in 9.20.15-r0
—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
bind91:9.16.15-1 ... 1:9.16.50-1~deb11u3 (15 versions)
  • every version up to 1:9.16.50-1~deb11u4: fixed in 1:9.16.50-1~deb11u4
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
bind91:9.18.12-1 ... 1:9.18.33-1~deb12u2 (12 versions)
  • every version up to 1:9.18.41-1~deb12u1: fixed in 1:9.18.41-1~deb12u1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
bind91:9.20.11-4, 1:9.20.15-1~deb13u1~bpo12+1
  • every version up to 1:9.20.15-1~deb13u1: fixed in 1:9.20.15-1~deb13u1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
bind91:9.20.11-4, 1:9.20.15-1~deb13u1, 1:9.20.15-1~deb13u1~bpo12+1
  • every version up to 1:9.20.15-1: fixed in 1:9.20.15-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(3)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 33× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 91 of 184 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 9 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 93 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  2. 2026-10-18 05:14 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-17 21:18 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-17 21:18 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-10-17 21:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-924g-f9mr-cm6x · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  6. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  7. 2026-10-16 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  8. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  9. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  10. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  11. 2026-10-12 16:44 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  13. 2026-10-11 20:18 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-11 18:31 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-11 15:05 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  17. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  18. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  19. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  20. 2026-10-08 11:28 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-08 11:28 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-10-08 11:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-924g-f9mr-cm6x · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  23. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  24. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  25. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
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  1. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
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  3. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
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  10. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
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  22. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  23. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
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  30. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  31. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  32. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  33. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
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  39. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  40. 2026-08-11 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  41. 2026-08-10 23:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  42. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  43. 2026-08-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  44. 2026-08-07 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  45. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  46. 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  47. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  48. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  49. 2026-08-02 02:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  50. 2026-08-01 04:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  51. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  52. 2026-07-30 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  53. 2026-07-26 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  54. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
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  56. 2026-07-23 14:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  57. 2026-07-23 03:03 UTCEG score recompute
  58. 2026-07-22 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  59. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
  60. 2026-07-20 17:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile
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  66. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 11% · 95th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-8677?
CVE-2025-8677 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on October 22, 2025. Querying for records within a specially crafted zone containing certain malformed DNSKEY records can lead to CPU exhaustion. This issue affects BIND 9 versions 9.18.0 through 9.18.39, 9.20.0 through 9.20.13, 9.21.0 through 9.21.12, 9.18.11-S1 through 9.18.39-S1, and 9.20.9-S1 through 9.20.13-S1.
When was CVE-2025-8677 made public?
CVE-2025-8677 was made public on October 22, 2025: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, Internet Systems Consortium (ISC), gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on October 22, 2025. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 8, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-8677 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-8677 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 11% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (95th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-8677?
CVE-2025-8677 has a CVSS base score of 7.5 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-8677?
A fix for CVE-2025-8677 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-8677 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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