CVE-2025-71397

MEDIUMNVD 6.56.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 6.5 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-07-18. NVD baseline CVSS 6.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this week

Also known asEUVD-2025-210488 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

6.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.6%CVSS: 6.5Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

SurrealDB before 2.0.5, 2.1.x before 2.1.5, and 2.2.x before 2.2.2 allows authenticated users with OWNER or EDITOR permissions (at the root, namespace, or database level) to define custom database functions via DEFINE FUNCTION using nested FOR loops. Although a single loop's iteration count is constrained, nesting multiple loops (e.g., each with 1,000,000 iterations) is not, so an attacker can execute a function that consumes all server CPU time. Configured timeouts do not stop the execution, rendering the server unresponsive to other queries and connections until it is manually restarted.

CVSS v3
6.5
EG Score
6.5MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
29
EG Risk 29/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity65% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 6.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.5% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.6%
EPSS %ILE
45th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (6.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 6.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
6.5 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.6% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-24). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

July 18, 2026

Last Modified

October 8, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Jul 18, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github.
Web page

SurrealDB before 2.2.2 CPU Exhaustion via nested FOR loops | Advisories | VulnCheck

https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/surrealdb-before-cpu-exhaustion-via-nested-for-loops
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

CPU exhaustion via custom functions result in total DoS · Advisory · surrealdb/surrealdb · GitHub

https://github.com/surrealdb/surrealdb/security/advisories/GHSA-pxw4-94j3-v9pf

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-71397(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
crates.io(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
surrealdb—
  • 2.2.0 up to 2.2.2: fixed in 2.2.2
  • 2.1.0 up to 2.1.5: fixed in 2.1.5
  • every version up to 2.0.5: fixed in 2.0.5
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 44× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 99 of 230 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 1 repeat row among the latest 100 is merged into the row it repeats. The 131 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  2. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  3. 2026-10-25 16:01 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  5. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  6. 2026-10-23 11:52 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-23 11:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  8. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  9. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  10. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  11. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  12. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  13. 2026-10-18 05:15 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  15. 2026-10-16 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  16. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  17. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  18. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  19. 2026-10-12 16:45 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  21. 2026-10-11 20:20 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-11 18:32 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-11 15:06 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  25. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
Show 74 more
  1. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  2. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  3. 2026-10-08 15:45 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-08 15:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  5. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  6. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  7. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  8. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  9. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  10. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 43rd percentile
  11. 2026-10-01 10:23 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-01 10:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  13. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 43rd percentile
  14. 2026-09-29 19:25 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-09-29 19:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  16. 2026-09-29 15:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 43rd percentile
  17. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 43rd percentile
  18. 2026-09-28 07:48 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-09-28 07:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  20. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 43rd percentile
  21. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 43rd percentile
  22. 2026-09-24 04:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  23. 2026-09-23 02:23 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-09-23 02:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  25. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  26. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 24th percentile
  27. 2026-09-18 09:49 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-09-18 09:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  29. 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  30. 2026-09-17 10:13 UTCEG score recompute
  31. 2026-09-17 10:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  32. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  33. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  34. 2026-09-15 03:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  35. 2026-09-14 02:53 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-09-14 02:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  37. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  38. 2026-09-13 04:31 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-09-13 04:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  40. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  41. 2026-09-11 21:03 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-09-11 21:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  43. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  44. 2026-09-11 09:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  45. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  46. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  47. 2026-09-07 23:58 UTCEG score recompute
  48. 2026-09-07 23:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  49. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  50. 2026-09-06 18:53 UTCEG score recompute
  51. 2026-09-06 18:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  52. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  53. 2026-09-05 20:24 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-09-05 20:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  55. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  56. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  57. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  58. 2026-08-31 01:23 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-08-31 01:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  60. 2026-08-30 03:10 UTCEG score recompute
  61. 2026-08-30 03:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  62. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  63. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  64. 2026-08-27 21:25 UTCEG score recompute
  65. 2026-08-27 21:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  66. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  67. 2026-08-26 22:33 UTCEG score recompute
  68. 2026-08-26 22:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  69. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  70. 2026-08-25 18:49 UTCEG score recompute
  71. 2026-08-25 18:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5
  72. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  73. 2026-08-24 19:13 UTCEG score recompute
  74. 2026-08-24 19:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33m9-4q46-9q55 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 6.5

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-71397?
CVE-2025-71397 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on July 18, 2026. SurrealDB before 2.0.5, 2.1.x before 2.1.5, and 2.2.x before 2.2.2 allows authenticated users with OWNER or EDITOR permissions (at the root, namespace, or database level) to define custom database functions via DEFINE FUNCTION using nested FOR loops. Although a single loop's iteration count is…
When was CVE-2025-71397 made public?
CVE-2025-71397 was made public on April 10, 2025: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, VulnCheck, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on July 18, 2026. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 8, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-71397 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-71397 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.6% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (45th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-71397?
CVE-2025-71397 has a CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-71397?
A fix for CVE-2025-71397 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-71397 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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