CVE-2024-28176

MEDIUMNVD 4.94.9—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This medium-severity CVE scores 4.9 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 2.1% (81st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
4.9EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 2.1%CVSS: 4.9Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

jose is JavaScript module for JSON Object Signing and Encryption, providing support for JSON Web Tokens (JWT), JSON Web Signature (JWS), JSON Web Encryption (JWE), JSON Web Key (JWK), JSON Web Key Set (JWKS), and more. A vulnerability has been identified in the JSON Web Encryption (JWE) decryption interfaces, specifically related to the support for decompressing plaintext after its decryption. Under certain conditions it is possible to have the user's environment consume unreasonable amount of CPU time or memory during JWE Decryption operations. This issue has been patched in versions 2.0.7 and 4.15.5.

CVSS v3
4.9
EG Score
4.9MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
23
EG Risk 23/100CISA SSVC

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity49% × 45%
Exploitation2% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA SSVC: Track at every mission impact level.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
2.1%
EPSS %ILE
81st
KEV
Not listed

CISA SSVCTrack at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it: high means the affected system is essential to your organisation's mission, or its compromise could cause irreversible harm to people. CISA's decision table

Published

March 9, 2024

Last Modified

December 5, 2025

References (16)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2024-28176(16)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(15)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatjose-0:14-1.el92024-11-12redhat
redhatodf4/odf-multicluster-rhel9-operator:v4.17.0-172024-10-30redhat
redhatodf4/odf-multicluster-rhel9-operator:v4.16.2-22024-09-18redhat
redhatjose-0:10-2.el8_10.32024-08-13redhat
redhatopenshift-service-mesh/proxyv2-rhel9:2.6.0-182024-08-07redhat
redhatodf4/cephcsi-rhel9:v4.16.0-332024-07-17redhat
redhatopenshift4/ose-openshift-controller-manager-rhel9:v4.16.0-202406131906.p0.g1432fe0.assembly.stream.el92024-06-27redhat
redhatskopeo-2:1.14.4-1.rhaos4.16.el82024-06-27redhat
redhatcontainer-tools:rhel8-8100020240610105040.afee755d2024-06-18redhat
redhatpodman-4:4.9.4-4.el9_42024-06-11redhat
redhatbuildah-2:1.33.7-2.el9_42024-06-11redhat
redhatrhacm2/console-rhel8:v2.9.4-222024-06-04redhat
redhatmulticluster-engine/multicluster-engine-console-mce-rhel8:v2.4.5-252024-06-03redhat
redhatrhacm2/console-rhel9:v2.10.1-32024-04-11redhat
redhatmulticluster-engine/multicluster-engine-console-mce-rhel9:v2.5.2-62024-04-10redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(3 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(3)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
jose—
  • 3.0.0 up to 4.15.5: fixed in 4.15.5
  • every version up to 2.0.7: fixed in 2.0.7
—
jose-node-cjs-runtime—
  • every version up to 4.15.5: fixed in 4.15.5
—
jose-node-esm-runtime—
  • every version up to 4.15.5: fixed in 4.15.5
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 29× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 189 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-10-08 17:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-10-06 15:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-10-05 17:41 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-10-04 23:20 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-09-30 17:01 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-09-30 15:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-09-29 15:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-09-28 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-09-27 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-09-26 15:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-09-26 00:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-09-22 14:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-09-22 06:16 UTCOSV refresh
  21. 2026-09-19 15:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-09-18 19:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-09-16 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-09-16 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-09-15 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-09-15 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-09-12 14:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-09-11 14:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-09-08 21:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-09-07 15:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-09-05 15:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-09-04 13:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-09-03 03:30 UTCOSV refresh
  13. 2026-09-02 14:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-09-01 13:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-08-30 01:20 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-08-28 21:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-08-27 14:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-08-26 14:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-08-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-08-24 14:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-08-23 00:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-08-21 23:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-08-20 22:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-08-18 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-08-18 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-08-17 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-08-16 16:53 UTCOSV refresh
  31. 2026-08-16 14:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-08-15 01:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-08-12 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-08-11 13:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-08-10 23:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-08-08 16:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-08-07 16:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-08-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-08-05 19:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-08-04 15:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-08-04 10:36 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-08-03 10:34 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-08-02 02:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-08-02 02:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-08-01 10:06 UTCOSV refresh
  48. 2026-08-01 04:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-07-30 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-07-30 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-07-30 01:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-07-28 15:34 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-07-27 14:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-07-26 14:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-07-26 14:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-07-25 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-07-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  58. 2026-07-23 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-07-23 02:35 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-07-20 17:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-07-16 17:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-07-14 17:25 UTCOSV refresh
  75. 2026-07-13 22:28 UTCEPSS rescore

Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)

Same product

4 shown

npm:jose · npm:jose-node-cjs-runtime · npm:jose-node-esm-runtime

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2024-28176?
CVE-2024-28176 is a medium vulnerability published on March 9, 2024. jose is JavaScript module for JSON Object Signing and Encryption, providing support for JSON Web Tokens (JWT), JSON Web Signature (JWS), JSON Web Encryption (JWE), JSON Web Key (JWK), JSON Web Key Set (JWKS), and more. A vulnerability has been identified in the JSON Web Encryption (JWE) decryption…
When was CVE-2024-28176 disclosed?
CVE-2024-28176 was first published on March 9, 2024, with the most recent update on December 5, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2024-28176 actively exploited?
CVE-2024-28176 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 2.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (81st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2024-28176?
CVE-2024-28176 has a CVSS v3 base score of 4.9 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2024-28176?
A fix for CVE-2024-28176 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2024-28176 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2024-28176

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2024-28176?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.

Book a Demo →Browse All CVEs