CVE-2024-28176

MEDIUMNVD 4.94.9—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This medium-severity CVE scores 4.9 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.6%, top 31% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
4.9
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 2%CVSS: 4.9Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

jose is JavaScript module for JSON Object Signing and Encryption, providing support for JSON Web Tokens (JWT), JSON Web Signature (JWS), JSON Web Encryption (JWE), JSON Web Key (JWK), JSON Web Key Set (JWKS), and more. A vulnerability has been identified in the JSON Web Encryption (JWE) decryption interfaces, specifically related to the support for decompressing plaintext after its decryption. Under certain conditions it is possible to have the user's environment consume unreasonable amount of CPU time or memory during JWE Decryption operations. This issue has been patched in versions 2.0.7 and 4.15.5.

CVSS v3
4.9
EG Score
4.9(medium)
EPSS
79.3%
KEV
Not listed

Published

March 9, 2024

Last Modified

December 5, 2025

References (16)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2024-28176(15)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(15)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
redhatjose-0:14-1.el92024-11-12redhat
redhatodf4/odf-multicluster-rhel9-operator:v4.17.0-172024-10-30redhat
redhatodf4/odf-multicluster-rhel9-operator:v4.16.2-22024-09-18redhat
redhatjose-0:10-2.el8_10.32024-08-13redhat
redhatopenshift-service-mesh/proxyv2-rhel9:2.6.0-182024-08-07redhat
redhatodf4/cephcsi-rhel9:v4.16.0-332024-07-17redhat
redhatopenshift4/ose-openshift-controller-manager-rhel9:v4.16.0-202406131906.p0.g1432fe0.assembly.stream.el92024-06-27redhat
redhatskopeo-2:1.14.4-1.rhaos4.16.el82024-06-27redhat
redhatcontainer-tools:rhel8-8100020240610105040.afee755d2024-06-18redhat
redhatpodman-4:4.9.4-4.el9_42024-06-11redhat
redhatbuildah-2:1.33.7-2.el9_42024-06-11redhat
redhatrhacm2/console-rhel8:v2.9.4-222024-06-04redhat
redhatmulticluster-engine/multicluster-engine-console-mce-rhel8:v2.4.5-252024-06-03redhat
redhatrhacm2/console-rhel9:v2.10.1-32024-04-11redhat
redhatmulticluster-engine/multicluster-engine-console-mce-rhel9:v2.5.2-62024-04-10redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(3 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(3)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
jose—2.0.7—
jose-node-cjs-runtime—4.15.5—
jose-node-esm-runtime—4.15.5—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 48× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-07-11 08:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-11 08:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-09 19:09 UTCEPSS rescore
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  20. 2026-06-27 03:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-06-27 03:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-26 18:09 UTCOSV refresh
  23. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
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  25. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
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  6. 2026-06-21 14:55 UTCEPSS rescore
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  8. 2026-06-21 01:58 UTCEPSS rescore
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  10. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
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  12. 2026-06-18 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
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  22. 2026-06-12 23:11 UTCEPSS rescore
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  24. 2026-06-11 13:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-10 22:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-06-10 13:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-06-10 13:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-06-09 02:00 UTCOSV refresh
  29. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
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  32. 2026-06-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
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  40. 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
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  43. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
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  46. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
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  48. 2026-05-31 00:15 UTCEPSS rescore
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  50. 2026-05-29 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
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  52. 2026-05-28 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
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  55. 2026-05-27 13:40 UTCEPSS rescore
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  57. 2026-05-26 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
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  59. 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-05-24 07:01 UTCEG score recompute
  62. 2026-05-24 07:01 UTCVendor advisory

Related CVEs(same vendor + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2024-28176?
CVE-2024-28176 is a medium vulnerability published on March 9, 2024. jose is JavaScript module for JSON Object Signing and Encryption, providing support for JSON Web Tokens (JWT), JSON Web Signature (JWS), JSON Web Encryption (JWE), JSON Web Key (JWK), JSON Web Key Set (JWKS), and more. A vulnerability has been identified in the JSON Web Encryption (JWE) decryption…
When was CVE-2024-28176 disclosed?
CVE-2024-28176 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on March 9, 2024, with the most recent update on December 5, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2024-28176 actively exploited?
CVE-2024-28176 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 79.3% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2024-28176?
CVE-2024-28176 has a CVSS v3 base score of 4.9 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2024-28176?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2024-28176, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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