CVE-2023-51385

CRITICALNVD 6.59.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2023-12-18. NVD baseline CVSS 6.5; sources differ by 3.3.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 4 sources updated this weekElevated
9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Public exploit or proof-of-concept code is available
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 20%CVSS: 6.5Exploit: Public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In ssh in OpenSSH before 9.6, OS command injection might occur if a user name or host name has shell metacharacters, and this name is referenced by an expansion token in certain situations. For example, an untrusted Git repository can have a submodule with shell metacharacters in a user name or host name.

CVSS v3
6.5
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
75
EG Risk 75/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
The EG Score, 9.8 of 10.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
20%
EPSS %ILE
97th
KEV
Not listed

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

December 18, 2023

Last Modified

October 15, 2026

Advisory Details (10)

Auto-updated Jul 14, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit.
Web page

About the security content of macOS Sonoma 14.4 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/kb/HT214084
Web page

NetApp Product Security

https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20240105-0005/
Web page

OpenSSH: Multiple Vulnerabilities (GLSA 202312-17) — Gentoo security

https://security.gentoo.org/glsa/202312-17
Web page

oss-security - CVE-2023-51385, CVE-2023-6004: OpenSSH, libssh: Security weakness in ProxyCommand handling

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/26/4
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

[SECURITY] [DLA 3694-1] openssh security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/12/msg00017.html
Web page

SSH ProxyCommand == unexpected code execution (CVE-2023-51385) | Vin01’s Blog

https://vin01.github.io/piptagole/ssh/security/openssh/libssh/remote-code-execution/2023/12/20/openssh-proxycommand-libssh-rce.html
Web page

[SECURITY] [DSA 5586-1] openssh security update

https://www.debian.org/security/2023/dsa-5586
GitHub commit

commit 7ef3787c84b6 (openssh/openssh-portable)

Fix landed in openssh/openssh-portable commit 7ef3787c84b6 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/commit/7ef3787c84b6b524501211b11a26c742f829af1a
Web page

oss-security - Announce: OpenSSH 9.6 released

https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/2
Web page
https://www.openssh.com/txt/release-9.6

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2023-51385(9)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(11)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntussh-krb5 (1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.10+esm6) @ xenial2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntussh-krb5 (1:7.2p2-4ubuntu2.10+esm5) @ xenial2026-10-15ubuntu
ubuntussh-askpass-gnome (1:9.3p1-1ubuntu3.2) @ mantic2026-10-15ubuntu
redhatopenssh-0:8.0p1-7.el8_4.22026-06-01redhat
redhatopenssh-0:8.7p1-13.el9_0.12026-02-03redhat
redhatodf4/rook-ceph-rhel9-operator:v4.15.0-1032024-03-19redhat
redhatopenssh-0:8.7p1-34.el9_3.32024-03-05redhat
redhatopenssh-0:8.0p1-19.el8_9.22024-01-30redhat
redhatopenssh-0:8.0p1-19.el8_8.22024-01-30redhat
redhatopenssh-0:8.0p1-15.el8_6.32024-01-25redhat
redhatopenssh-0:8.7p1-30.el9_2.32024-01-25redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(13 across 13 ecosystems)
Alpine:v3.16(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
openssh—
  • every version up to 9.0_p1-r5: fixed in 9.0_p1-r5
—
Alpine:v3.17(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
openssh—
  • every version up to 9.1_p1-r5: fixed in 9.1_p1-r5
—
Alpine:v3.19(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
openssh—
  • every version up to 9.6_p1-r0: fixed in 9.6_p1-r0
—
Alpine:v3.20(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
openssh—
  • every version up to 9.6_p1-r0: fixed in 9.6_p1-r0
—
Alpine:v3.21(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
openssh—
  • every version up to 9.6_p1-r0: fixed in 9.6_p1-r0
—
Alpine:v3.22(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
openssh—
  • every version up to 9.6_p1-r0: fixed in 9.6_p1-r0
—
Alpine:v3.23(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
openssh—
  • every version up to 9.6_p1-r0: fixed in 9.6_p1-r0
—
Alpine:v3.24(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
openssh—
  • every version up to 9.6_p1-r0: fixed in 9.6_p1-r0
—
Debian:10(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
openssh1:7.9p1-10, 1:7.9p1-10+deb10u1, 1:7.9p1-10+deb10u2, 1:7.9p1-10+deb10u3
  • every version up to 1:7.9p1-10+deb10u4: fixed in 1:7.9p1-10+deb10u4
—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
openssh1:8.4p1-5, 1:8.4p1-5+deb11u1, 1:8.4p1-5+deb11u2
  • every version up to 1:8.4p1-5+deb11u3: fixed in 1:8.4p1-5+deb11u3
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
openssh1:9.2p1-2, 1:9.2p1-2+deb12u1
  • every version up to 1:9.2p1-2+deb12u2: fixed in 1:9.2p1-2+deb12u2
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
openssh—
  • every version up to 1:9.6p1-1: fixed in 1:9.6p1-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
openssh—
  • every version up to 1:9.6p1-1: fixed in 1:9.6p1-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(3)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 22× in last 7d / 46× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 91 of 204 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 9 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 113 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-15 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  2. 2026-10-15 01:27 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-15 01:27 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-10-15 01:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-5mq4-x9g5-4vc4 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  5. 2026-10-15 00:20 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-15 00:20 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-10-15 00:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-5mq4-x9g5-4vc4 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  8. 2026-10-14 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  9. 2026-10-14 15:21 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-14 15:21 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-10-14 15:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-5mq4-x9g5-4vc4 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  12. 2026-10-13 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  13. 2026-10-13 14:48 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-13 14:48 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-13 14:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-5mq4-x9g5-4vc4 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  16. 2026-10-12 15:22 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-12 15:22 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-10-12 15:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-5mq4-x9g5-4vc4 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  19. 2026-10-11 21:39 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-11 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  21. 2026-10-10 19:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  22. 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  23. 2026-10-08 17:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  24. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  25. 2026-10-07 17:35 UTCOSV refresh
Show 66 more
  1. 2026-10-06 15:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  2. 2026-10-05 17:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  3. 2026-10-04 23:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  4. 2026-10-03 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  5. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  6. 2026-09-30 16:35 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-09-30 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  8. 2026-09-29 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  9. 2026-09-28 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  10. 2026-09-27 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  11. 2026-09-26 00:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  12. 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  13. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  14. 2026-09-22 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  15. 2026-09-21 20:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  16. 2026-09-20 20:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  17. 2026-09-18 19:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  18. 2026-09-17 23:36 UTCOSV refresh
  19. 2026-09-17 19:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  20. 2026-09-16 14:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  21. 2026-09-16 05:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  22. 2026-09-15 03:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  23. 2026-09-12 14:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  24. 2026-09-11 14:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  25. 2026-09-11 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  26. 2026-09-08 21:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  27. 2026-09-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  28. 2026-09-05 15:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  29. 2026-09-04 13:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  30. 2026-09-04 05:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  31. 2026-09-02 14:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  32. 2026-09-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  33. 2026-09-01 04:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  34. 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  35. 2026-08-30 01:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  36. 2026-08-30 00:13 UTCOSV refresh
  37. 2026-08-28 21:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  38. 2026-08-27 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  39. 2026-08-26 14:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  40. 2026-08-25 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  41. 2026-08-24 14:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  42. 2026-08-23 00:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  43. 2026-08-21 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  44. 2026-08-20 22:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  45. 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  46. 2026-08-18 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  47. 2026-08-17 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  48. 2026-08-16 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  49. 2026-08-16 02:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  50. 2026-08-15 01:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  51. 2026-08-13 21:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  52. 2026-08-13 10:37 UTCOSV refresh
  53. 2026-08-12 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  54. 2026-08-11 13:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  55. 2026-08-07 16:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  56. 2026-08-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  57. 2026-08-05 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  58. 2026-08-04 15:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  59. 2026-08-03 10:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  60. 2026-08-02 02:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  61. 2026-08-01 04:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  62. 2026-07-30 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  63. 2026-07-28 18:51 UTCOSV refresh
  64. 2026-07-28 15:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  65. 2026-07-27 14:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile
  66. 2026-07-26 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 20% · 97th percentile

Publicly available exploits

(4 references)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (4 GitHub PoCs). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • GitHub PoCWOOOOONG/CVE-2023-51385
    Published Jan 2, 2024

    CVE-2023-51385 PoC Exploit

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCLe1a/CVE-2023-51385
    Published Dec 25, 2023

    OpenSSH ProxyCommand RCE

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCLtmThink/CVE-2023-51385_test
    Published Dec 25, 2023

    一个验证对CVE-2023-51385

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCvin01/poc-proxycommand-vulnerable
    Published Sep 28, 2023

    Proof of conept to exploit vulnerable proxycommand configurations on ssh clients (CVE-2023-51385)

    Open source ↗

Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-51385?
CVE-2023-51385 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on December 18, 2023. In ssh in OpenSSH before 9.6, OS command injection might occur if a user name or host name has shell metacharacters, and this name is referenced by an expansion token in certain situations. For example, an untrusted Git repository can have a submodule with shell metacharacters in a user name or…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2023-51385 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2023-51385 was published on December 18, 2023. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 15, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2023-51385 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-51385 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 20% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (97th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-51385?
CVE-2023-51385 has a CVSS v3 base score of 6.5 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.8 (CRITICAL).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-51385?
A fix for CVE-2023-51385 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2023-51385 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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