CVE-2023-48795

MEDIUMNVD 5.95.9
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This medium-severity CVE scores 5.9 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 52.6%, top 2% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
Weaponized
5.9
EchelonGraph verdictPatch this weekExploitation is likely or a public exploit exists.
  • 3,050 internet-exposed hosts are running an affected version right now
  • High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 93%
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 93%CVSS: 5.9Exploit: NoneExposed: 3,050

A fix is available — apply it.

The SSH transport protocol with certain OpenSSH extensions, found in OpenSSH before 9.6 and other products, allows remote attackers to bypass integrity checks such that some packets are omitted (from the extension negotiation message), and a client and server may consequently end up with a connection for which some security features have been downgraded or disabled, aka a Terrapin attack. This occurs because the SSH Binary Packet Protocol (BPP), implemented by these extensions, mishandles the handshake phase and mishandles use of sequence numbers. For example, there is an effective attack against SSH's use of ChaCha20-Poly1305 (and CBC with Encrypt-then-MAC). The bypass occurs in [email protected] and (if CBC is used) the [email protected] MAC algorithms. This also affects Maverick Synergy Java SSH API before 3.1.0-SNAPSHOT, Dropbear through 2022.83, Ssh before 5.1.1 in Erlang/OTP, PuTTY before 0.80, AsyncSSH before 2.14.2, golang.org/x/crypto before 0.17.0, libssh before 0.10.6, libssh2 through 1.11.0, Thorn Tech SFTP Gateway before 3.4.6, Tera Term before 5.1, Paramiko before 3.4.0, jsch before 0.2.15, SFTPGo before 2.5.6, Netgate pfSense Plus through 23.09.1, Netgate pfSense CE through 2.7.2, HPN-SSH through 18.2.0, ProFTPD before 1.3.8b (and before 1.3.9rc2), ORYX CycloneSSH before 2.3.4, NetSarang XShell 7 before Build 0144, CrushFTP before 10.6.0, ConnectBot SSH library before 2.2.22, Apache MINA sshd through 2.11.0, sshj through 0.37.0, TinySSH through 20230101, trilead-ssh2 6401, LANCOM LCOS and LANconfig, FileZilla before 3.66.4, Nova before 11.8, PKIX-SSH before 14.4, SecureCRT before 9.4.3, Transmit5 before 5.10.4, Win32-OpenSSH before 9.5.0.0p1-Beta, WinSCP before 6.2.2, Bitvise SSH Server before 9.32, Bitvise SSH Client before 9.33, KiTTY through 0.76.1.13, the net-ssh gem 7.2.0 for Ruby, the mscdex ssh2 module before 1.15.0 for Node.js, the thrussh library before 0.35.1 for Rust, and the Russh crate before 0.40.2 for Rust.

Live · internet exposure

3,050 internet-exposed hosts are running an affected version of CVE-2023-48795 right now.

across 65 countries (China, United States, Germany, France, Singapore)top: openssh
See the live KEV-Exposure radar →Found passively from public internet-scan data — aggregate, host-redacted.

EchelonGraph is the only CVE feed that fuses live vulnerability intelligence with its own live internet-exposure radar — so you see not just that a CVE is exploited, but how much of the internet is exposed to it right now.

CVSS v3
5.9
EG Score
5.9(medium)
EPSS
99.8%
KEV
Not listed

Published

December 18, 2023

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Patch Availability(30)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
redhatoath-toolkit-0:2.6.12-1.el8cp2025-05-07redhat
redhatopenshift4/ose-installer:v4.14.0-202410120808.p0.gb6457e9.assembly.stream.el82024-10-23redhat
redhatopenshift4/ose-docker-builder-rhel9:v4.17.0-202409122005.p1.gcfcf3bd.assembly.stream.el92024-10-01redhat
redhatopenshift4/ose-tools-rhel8:v4.14.0-202408260910.p0.g44b3ac2.assembly.stream.el82024-09-11redhat
redhatopenshift4/egress-router-cni-rhel8:v4.14.0-202408070332.p0.g96f2f54.assembly.stream.el82024-08-22redhat
redhatopenshift4/ose-ptp-rhel9:v4.14.0-202408090010.p0.g3f4aba2.assembly.stream.el92024-08-21redhat
redhatopenshift4/ose-ptp-rhel9:v4.15.0-202408130908.p0.gcb7ef64.assembly.stream.el92024-08-21redhat
redhatopenshift4/ose-olm-rukpak-rhel8:v4.12.0-202408072016.p0.gf219ce7.assembly.stream.el82024-08-19redhat
redhatopenshift4/ose-aws-ebs-csi-driver-rhel8:v4.14.0-202407120139.p0.g4622dee.assembly.stream.el82024-08-07redhat
redhatopenshift4/ose-aws-efs-csi-driver-container-rhel8:v4.14.0-202407120139.p0.g18d04fd.assembly.stream.el82024-08-07redhat
redhatopenshift4/egress-router-cni-rhel8:v4.15.0-202407302337.p0.gf8ec690.assembly.stream.el82024-08-07redhat
redhatopenshift4/egress-router-cni-rhel9:v4.16.0-202407180206.p0.g7089efe.assembly.stream.el92024-07-24redhat
redhatcontainer-native-virtualization/cluster-network-addons-operator-rhel9:v4.15.3-72024-07-18redhat
redhatopenshift4/ose-olm-rukpak-rhel8:v4.13.0-202407081338.p0.gaf47118.assembly.stream.el82024-07-17redhat
redhatjenkins-2-plugins-0:4.15.1718879538-1.el82024-07-17redhat
redhatopenshift4/ose-azure-disk-csi-driver-rhel8:v4.14.0-202407090841.p0.g6d3558a.assembly.stream.el82024-07-17redhat
redhatopenshift4/ose-vsphere-cluster-api-controllers-rhel8:v4.14.0-202407021509.p0.gb5346ad.assembly.stream.el82024-07-11redhat
redhatopenshift4/ose-installer-artifacts:v4.15.0-202406251908.p0.g132530d.assembly.stream.el82024-07-02redhat
redhatopenshift4/ose-ptp-rhel9:v4.16.0-202406131906.p0.g4447317.assembly.stream.el92024-06-27redhat
redhatopenshift4/ose-vsphere-csi-driver-syncer-rhel9:v4.16.0-202406131906.p0.g3cd689f.assembly.stream.el92024-06-27redhat
redhatopenshift4/ose-olm-rukpak-rhel8:v4.14.0-202406180839.p0.gc9409c6.assembly.stream.el82024-06-26redhat
redhatpodman-3:4.4.1-14.4.rhaos4.14.el82024-06-19redhat
redhatjenkins-2-plugins-0:4.13.1716445207-1.el82024-06-05redhat
redhatjenkins-2-plugins-0:4.14.1716388016-1.el82024-06-05redhat
redhatjenkins-2-plugins-0:4.12.1716445211-1.el82024-06-05redhat
redhatrhosp-rhel8/osp-director-operator-bundle:1.3.0-262024-05-29redhat
redhatrhosp-rhel9/osp-director-operator-bundle:1.3.1-272024-05-29redhat
redhatpython-paramiko-0:2.11.0-2.el9ost2024-05-22redhat
redhatpython-paramiko-0:2.11.0-2.el8ost2024-05-22redhat
redhatcontainer-tools:rhel8-8100020240227110532.828888972024-05-22redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(3 across 3 ecosystems)
crates.io(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
russh0.40.2
Go(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
golang.org/x/crypto0.0.0-20231218163308-9d2ee975ef9f
PyPI(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
paramiko2.10.0 ... 3.3.2 (30 versions)3.4.0

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(23)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 2× in last 7d / 20× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-07-11 11:11 UTCOSV refresh
  2. 2026-07-08 15:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-02 16:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-06-27 03:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-06-23 21:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-06-23 21:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-06-22 17:35 UTCOSV refresh
  12. 2026-06-21 14:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-06-21 14:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-06-17 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-06-15 17:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-06-14 23:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-06-12 23:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-06-12 23:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-06-11 13:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-10 22:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 46 more
  1. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-06-05 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-06-05 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-06-05 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-06-05 06:07 UTCOSV refresh
  6. 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-05-31 00:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-05-31 00:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-05-29 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-05-28 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-05-27 13:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-05-27 13:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-05-26 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-05-26 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-05-23 00:10 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-05-22 21:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-05-22 21:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-05-22 21:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-05-22 21:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-05-22 21:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-05-22 05:24 UTCEG score recompute
  31. 2026-05-22 05:24 UTCVendor advisory
  32. 2026-05-21 22:41 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-05-20 22:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-05-20 22:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-05-20 22:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-05-20 22:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-05-20 22:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-05-20 11:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-05-20 11:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-05-20 11:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-05-20 11:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-05-20 11:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-05-18 21:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-05-18 21:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-05-18 21:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-05-18 21:30 UTCEPSS rescore

Publicly available exploits

(3 references)

Working exploit code is in the public domain (2 GitHub PoCs). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.

  • GitHub PoCTrixSec/CVE-2023-48795
    First seen Jan 8, 2025

    A Python-based tool to check for vulnerabilities in OpenSSH installations on local or remote systems by scanning specific IPs. It checks if the OpenSSH version is affected by CVE-2023-48795

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCkabiri-labs/sshfinder
    First seen Dec 5, 2024

    Fast, parallel SSH discovery and security auditing across hosts and CIDR ranges: identifies SSH on any port in real time, then flags auth methods, weak crypto, Terrapin (CVE-2023-48795), and reused host keys.

    Open source ↗
  • Nucleijavascript/cves/2023/CVE-2023-48795.yaml
    First seen Jan 1, 2023

    OpenSSH Terrapin Attack - Detection

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-48795?
CVE-2023-48795 is a medium vulnerability published on December 18, 2023. The SSH transport protocol with certain OpenSSH extensions, found in OpenSSH before 9.6 and other products, allows remote attackers to bypass integrity checks such that some packets are omitted (from the extension negotiation message), and a client and server may consequently end up with a…
When was CVE-2023-48795 disclosed?
CVE-2023-48795 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on December 18, 2023, with the most recent update on June 17, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2023-48795 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-48795 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 99.8% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-48795?
CVE-2023-48795 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.9 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-48795?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2023-48795, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2023-48795

Explore →

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