The SSH transport protocol with certain OpenSSH extensions, found in OpenSSH before 9.6 and other products, allows remote attackers to bypass integrity checks such that some packets are omitted (from the extension negotiation message), and a client and server may consequently end up with a connection for which some security features have been downgraded or disabled, aka a Terrapin attack. This occurs because the SSH Binary Packet Protocol (BPP), implemented by these extensions, mishandles the handshake phase and mishandles use of sequence numbers. For example, there is an effective attack against SSH's use of ChaCha20-Poly1305 (and CBC with Encrypt-then-MAC). The bypass occurs in [email protected] and (if CBC is used) the [email protected] MAC algorithms. This also affects Maverick Synergy Java SSH API before 3.1.0-SNAPSHOT, Dropbear through 2022.83, Ssh before 5.1.1 in Erlang/OTP, PuTTY before 0.80, AsyncSSH before 2.14.2, golang.org/x/crypto before 0.17.0, libssh before 0.10.6, libssh2 through 1.11.0, Thorn Tech SFTP Gateway before 3.4.6, Tera Term before 5.1, Paramiko before 3.4.0, jsch before 0.2.15, SFTPGo before 2.5.6, Netgate pfSense Plus through 23.09.1, Netgate pfSense CE through 2.7.2, HPN-SSH through 18.2.0, ProFTPD before 1.3.8b (and before 1.3.9rc2), ORYX CycloneSSH before 2.3.4, NetSarang XShell 7 before Build 0144, CrushFTP before 10.6.0, ConnectBot SSH library before 2.2.22, Apache MINA sshd through 2.11.0, sshj through 0.37.0, TinySSH through 20230101, trilead-ssh2 6401, LANCOM LCOS and LANconfig, FileZilla before 3.66.4, Nova before 11.8, PKIX-SSH before 14.4, SecureCRT before 9.4.3, Transmit5 before 5.10.4, Win32-OpenSSH before 9.5.0.0p1-Beta, WinSCP before 6.2.2, Bitvise SSH Server before 9.32, Bitvise SSH Client before 9.33, KiTTY through 0.76.1.13, the net-ssh gem 7.2.0 for Ruby, the mscdex ssh2 module before 1.15.0 for Node.js, the thrussh library before 0.35.1 for Rust, and the Russh crate before 0.40.2 for Rust.
CVE-2023-48795
This medium-severity CVE scores 5.9 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 52.6%, top 2% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).
- 3,050 internet-exposed hosts are running an affected version right now
- High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 93%
A fix is available — apply it.
3,050 internet-exposed hosts are running an affected version of CVE-2023-48795 right now.
EchelonGraph is the only CVE feed that fuses live vulnerability intelligence with its own live internet-exposure radar — so you see not just that a CVE is exploited, but how much of the internet is exposed to it right now.
- CVSS v3
- 5.9
- EG Score
- 5.9(medium)
- EPSS
- 99.8%
- KEV
- Not listed
Published
December 18, 2023
Last Modified
June 17, 2026
References (257)
- cve@mitrehttp://packetstormsecurity.com/files/176280/Terrapin-SSH-Connection-Weakening.html
- cve@mitrehttp://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2024/Mar/21
- cve@mitrehttp://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/18/3
- cve@mitrehttp://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/19/5
- cve@mitrehttp://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2023/12/20/3
- cve@mitrehttp://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/03/06/3
- cve@mitrehttp://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/17/8
- cve@mitrehttps://access.redhat.com/security/cve/cve-2023-48795
- cve@mitrehttps://arstechnica.com/security/2023/12/hackers-can-break-ssh-channel-integrity-using-novel-data-corruption-attack/
- cve@mitrehttps://bugs.gentoo.org/920280
- cve@mitrehttps://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2254210
- cve@mitrehttps://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1217950
- cve@mitrehttps://crates.io/crates/thrussh/versions
- cve@mitrehttps://filezilla-project.org/versions.php
- cve@mitrehttps://forum.netgate.com/topic/184941/terrapin-ssh-attack
Vendor Advisories for CVE-2023-48795(20)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
- RHSA-2025:4664Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Ceph Storage 7.1 security, bug fix, and enhancement updates
- RHSA-2024:8235Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.14.39 security update
- RHSA-2024:3718Red Hat Product SecurityMedium
Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.17.0 bug fix and security update
- RHSA-2024:6406Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.14.36 security update
- RHSA-2024:5433Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.14.35 security update
- RHSA-2024:5432Red Hat Product SecurityMedium
Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.14.35 security update
- RHSA-2024:5438Red Hat Product SecurityMedium
Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.15.28 packages and security update
- RHSA-2024:5200Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.12.63 bug fix and security update
- +12 more
Patch Availability(30)
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Affected Packages
(3 across 3 ecosystems)
crates.io(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fixed in | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| russh | — | 0.40.2 | — |
Go(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fixed in | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| golang.org/x/crypto | — | 0.0.0-20231218163308-9d2ee975ef9f | — |
PyPI(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fixed in | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| paramiko | 2.10.0 ... 3.3.2 (30 versions) | 3.4.0 | — |
Weakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Additional Vendor Advisories
(23)
Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.
- Microsoft MSRCCVE-2023-487952023-12-25
The SSH transport protocol with certain OpenSSH extensions found in OpenSSH before 9.6 and other products allows remote attackers to bypass integrity checks such that some packets are omitted (from the extension negotiation message) and a client and server may consequently end up with a connection for which some security features have been downgraded or disabled aka a Terrapin attack. This occurs because the SSH Binary Packet Protocol (BPP) implemented by these extensions mishandles the handshake phase and mishandles use of sequence numbers. For example there is an effective attack against SSH's use of ChaCha20-Poly1305 (and CBC with Encrypt-then-MAC). The bypass occurs in [email protected] and (if CBC is used) the [email protected] MAC algorithms. This also affects Maverick Synergy Java SSH API before 3.1.0-SNAPSHOT Dropbear through 2022.83 Ssh before 5.1.1 in Erlang/OTP PuTTY before 0.80 AsyncSSH before 2.14.2 golang.org/x/crypto before 0.17.0 libssh before 0.10.6 libssh2
- Red HatRHBA-2024:1127MODERATE2023-12-18
RHBA-2024:1127 — Moderate
- Red HatRHBA-2024:1136MODERATE2023-12-18
RHBA-2024:1136 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2023:7197MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2023:7197 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2023:7198MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2023:7198 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2023:7201MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2023:7201 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0429MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0429 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0455MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0455 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0499MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0499 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0538MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0538 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0594MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0594 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0606MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0606 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0625MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0625 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0628MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0628 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0766MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0766 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0789MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0789 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0843MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0843 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0880MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0880 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0954MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0954 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:1130MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:1130 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:1150MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:1150 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:1192MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:1192 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:1193MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:1193 — Moderate
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 2× in last 7d / 20× in last 30d)
Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.
- 2026-07-11 11:11 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-07-08 15:13 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-07-02 16:59 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-27 03:07 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-23 21:31 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-23 21:31 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-22 17:35 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-06-21 14:55 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-21 14:55 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-17 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-15 17:47 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-14 23:16 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-12 23:11 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-12 23:10 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-11 13:59 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-10 22:17 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 46 moreShow fewer
- 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-05 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-05 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-05 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-05 06:07 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-31 00:15 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-31 00:15 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-29 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-28 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-27 13:39 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-27 13:39 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-26 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-26 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-23 00:10 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-05-22 21:16 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-22 21:16 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-22 21:16 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-22 21:16 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-22 21:16 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-22 05:24 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-05-22 05:24 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-05-21 22:41 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-20 22:37 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-20 22:37 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-20 22:37 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-20 22:37 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-20 22:37 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-20 11:21 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-20 11:21 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-20 11:21 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-20 11:21 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-20 11:21 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-18 21:30 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-18 21:30 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-18 21:30 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-18 21:30 UTCEPSS rescore
Publicly available exploits
(3 references)Working exploit code is in the public domain (2 GitHub PoCs). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.
- GitHub PoCTrixSec/CVE-2023-48795First seen Jan 8, 2025
A Python-based tool to check for vulnerabilities in OpenSSH installations on local or remote systems by scanning specific IPs. It checks if the OpenSSH version is affected by CVE-2023-48795
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCkabiri-labs/sshfinderFirst seen Dec 5, 2024
Fast, parallel SSH discovery and security auditing across hosts and CIDR ranges: identifies SSH on any port in real time, then flags auth methods, weak crypto, Terrapin (CVE-2023-48795), and reused host keys.
Open source ↗ - Nucleijavascript/cves/2023/CVE-2023-48795.yamlFirst seen Jan 1, 2023
OpenSSH Terrapin Attack - Detection
Open source ↗
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Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2023-48795
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