The SSH transport protocol with certain OpenSSH extensions, found in OpenSSH before 9.6 and other products, allows remote attackers to bypass integrity checks such that some packets are omitted (from the extension negotiation message), and a client and server may consequently end up with a connection for which some security features have been downgraded or disabled, aka a Terrapin attack. This occurs because the SSH Binary Packet Protocol (BPP), implemented by these extensions, mishandles the handshake phase and mishandles use of sequence numbers. For example, there is an effective attack against SSH's use of ChaCha20-Poly1305 (and CBC with Encrypt-then-MAC). The bypass occurs in [email protected] and (if CBC is used) the [email protected] MAC algorithms. This also affects Maverick Synergy Java SSH API before 3.1.0-SNAPSHOT, Dropbear through 2022.83, Ssh before 5.1.1 in Erlang/OTP, PuTTY before 0.80, AsyncSSH before 2.14.2, golang.org/x/crypto before 0.17.0, libssh before 0.10.6, libssh2 through 1.11.0, Thorn Tech SFTP Gateway before 3.4.6, Tera Term before 5.1, Paramiko before 3.4.0, jsch before 0.2.15, SFTPGo before 2.5.6, Netgate pfSense Plus through 23.09.1, Netgate pfSense CE through 2.7.2, HPN-SSH through 18.2.0, ProFTPD before 1.3.8b (and before 1.3.9rc2), ORYX CycloneSSH before 2.3.4, NetSarang XShell 7 before Build 0144, CrushFTP before 10.6.0, ConnectBot SSH library before 2.2.22, Apache MINA sshd through 2.11.0, sshj through 0.37.0, TinySSH through 20230101, trilead-ssh2 6401, LANCOM LCOS and LANconfig, FileZilla before 3.66.4, Nova before 11.8, PKIX-SSH before 14.4, SecureCRT before 9.4.3, Transmit5 before 5.10.4, Win32-OpenSSH before 9.5.0.0p1-Beta, WinSCP before 6.2.2, Bitvise SSH Server before 9.32, Bitvise SSH Client before 9.33, KiTTY through 0.76.1.13, the net-ssh gem 7.2.0 for Ruby, the mscdex ssh2 module before 1.15.0 for Node.js, the thrussh library before 0.35.1 for Rust, and the Russh crate before 0.40.2 for Rust.
CVE-2023-48795
Score elevated to 9.0 because EPSS predicts 94% probability of exploitation within the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). CISA-ADP (Vulnrichment) CVSS v3.1 baseline 5.9 retained for reference (NVD's own analysis pending). Confidence: see factors.
- 13,092 internet-facing services (distinct ip:port) on record running an affected version — derived from Shodan data (© Shodan); a patched service can stay counted while its port stays open
- High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 94%
- Public exploit code is available (ssvc poc, epss top5pct, epss high, public exploit)
A fix is available — apply it.
13,092 internet-facing services (distinct ip:port) on record running a version that maps to CVE-2023-48795, in our KEV-Exposure radar’s Shodan-derived sample.
How it counts: every 12 hours, when Shodan query credits allow, the radar runs one Shodan query per tracked product, reads up to 100 ip:port services per query, and keeps a service when its banner version matches a CISA-KEV or high-EPSS CVE; a service is dropped when neither a search nor a Shodan InternetDB port re-check has refreshed it for 21 days. A re-check that finds the port still listed by Shodan InternetDB refreshes the service without re-reading the banner, so a patched service can stay counted while its port stays open. A count is a banner-version inference over a sample, not an exploit test and not an internet-wide census, and the unit is a service, not a machine: a machine answering on two ports counts twice.
- CVSS v3
- 5.9
- EG Score
- 9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
- EG Risk
- 78EG Risk 78/100CISA SSVC
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).
How it’s computedSeverity90% × 45%Exploitation94% × 40%Automatability0% × 15%CISA SSVC: Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines. - EPSS PROB
- 94%
- EPSS %ILE
- 99th
- KEV
- Not listed
CISA SSVCTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it: high means the affected system is essential to your organisation's mission, or its compromise could cause irreversible harm to people. CISA's decision table
Published
December 18, 2023
Last Modified
July 14, 2026
Advisory Details (10)
Auto-updated Jul 14, 2026Bitvise SSH Server Version History | Bitvise
https://www.bitvise.com/ssh-server-version-historyCommits · openssh/openssh-portable · GitHub
https://github.com/openssh/openssh-portable/commits/masterproftpd/RELEASE_NOTES at master · proftpd/proftpd · GitHub
https://github.com/proftpd/proftpd/blob/master/RELEASE_NOTESVendor Advisories for CVE-2023-48795(20)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
- RHSA-2026:79243Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Ceph Storage
- RHSA-2026:79101Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Ceph Storage 8.1 security and bug fix updates
- RHSA-2025:4664Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Ceph Storage 7.1 security, bug fix, and enhancement updates
- RHSA-2024:8235Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.14.39 security update
- RHSA-2024:3718Red Hat Product SecurityMedium
Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.17.0 bug fix and security update
- RHSA-2024:6406Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.14.36 security update
- RHSA-2024:5433Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.14.35 security update
- RHSA-2024:5432Red Hat Product SecurityMedium
Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.14.35 security update
- +12 more
Patch Availability(30)
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Affected Packages
(50 across 14 ecosystems)
Debian:13(6)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| dropbear | — |
| — |
| erlang | — |
| — |
| filezilla | — |
| — |
| golang-go.crypto | — |
| — |
| libssh | — |
| — |
| libssh2 | — |
| — |
Debian:14(6)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| dropbear | — |
| — |
| erlang | — |
| — |
| filezilla | — |
| — |
| golang-go.crypto | — |
| — |
| libssh | — |
| — |
| libssh2 | — |
| — |
Debian:11(5)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| dropbear | 2020.81-3 |
| — |
| erlang | 1:23.2.6+dfsg-1, 1:23.2.6+dfsg-1+deb11u1 |
| — |
| filezilla | 3.52.2-3 |
| — |
| golang-go.crypto | 1:0.0~git20201221.eec23a3-1 ... 1:0.53.0-1 (40 versions) |
| — |
| libssh | 0.9.5-1, 0.9.5-1+deb11u1, 0.9.6-1, 0.9.6-2, 0.9.7-0+deb11u1 |
| — |
Debian:12(5)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| dropbear | 2022.83-1, 2022.83-1+deb12u1~bpo11+1 |
| — |
| erlang | 1:25.2.3+dfsg-1 |
| — |
| filezilla | 3.63.0-1, 3.63.0-1+deb12u1, 3.63.0-1+deb12u2 |
| — |
| golang-go.crypto | 1:0.10.0-1 ... 1:0.56.0-1 (36 versions) |
| — |
| libssh | 0.10.5-2, 0.10.5-3, 0.10.5-3+hurd.1 |
| — |
Alpine:v3.16(3)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| dropbear | — |
| — |
| libssh2 | — |
| — |
| openssh | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.17(3)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| dropbear | — |
| — |
| libssh2 | — |
| — |
| openssh | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.18(3)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| dropbear | — |
| — |
| libssh2 | — |
| — |
| openssh | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.19(3)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| dropbear | — |
| — |
| libssh2 | — |
| — |
| openssh | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.20(3)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| dropbear | — |
| — |
| libssh2 | — |
| — |
| openssh | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.21(3)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| dropbear | — |
| — |
| libssh2 | — |
| — |
| openssh | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.22(3)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| dropbear | — |
| — |
| libssh2 | — |
| — |
| openssh | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.23(3)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| dropbear | — |
| — |
| libssh2 | — |
| — |
| openssh | — |
| — |
Alpine:v3.24(3)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| dropbear | — |
| — |
| libssh2 | — |
| — |
| openssh | — |
| — |
Go(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| golang.org/x/crypto | — |
| — |
Weakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
All Vendor Advisories
(25)
Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.
- Microsoft MSRCCVE-2023-487952023-12-25
The SSH transport protocol with certain OpenSSH extensions found in OpenSSH before 9.6 and other products allows remote attackers to bypass integrity checks such that some packets are omitted (from the extension negotiation message) and a client and server may consequently end up with a connection for which some security features have been downgraded or disabled aka a Terrapin attack. This occurs because the SSH Binary Packet Protocol (BPP) implemented by these extensions mishandles the handshake phase and mishandles use of sequence numbers. For example there is an effective attack against SSH's use of ChaCha20-Poly1305 (and CBC with Encrypt-then-MAC). The bypass occurs in [email protected] and (if CBC is used) the [email protected] MAC algorithms. This also affects Maverick Synergy Java SSH API before 3.1.0-SNAPSHOT Dropbear through 2022.83 Ssh before 5.1.1 in Erlang/OTP PuTTY before 0.80 AsyncSSH before 2.14.2 golang.org/x/crypto before 0.17.0 libssh before 0.10.6 libssh2
- Red HatRHBA-2024:1127MODERATE2023-12-18
RHBA-2024:1127 — Moderate
- Red HatRHBA-2024:1136MODERATE2023-12-18
RHBA-2024:1136 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2023:7197MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2023:7197 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2023:7198MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2023:7198 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2023:7201MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2023:7201 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0040MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0040 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0041MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0041 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0429MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0429 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0455MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0455 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0499MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0499 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0538MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0538 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0594MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0594 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0606MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0606 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0625MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0625 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0628MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0628 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0766MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0766 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0789MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0789 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0843MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0843 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0880MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0880 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:0954MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:0954 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:1130MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:1130 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:1150MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:1150 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:1192MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:1192 — Moderate
- Red HatRHSA-2024:1193MODERATE2023-12-18
RHSA-2024:1193 — Moderate
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 1× in last 7d / 14× in last 30d)
Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 100 of 111 total refreshes for this CVE.
- 2026-10-04 23:20 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-09-30 19:14 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-30 16:34 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-29 15:17 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-09-26 00:22 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-09-22 14:46 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-09-21 20:31 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-09-18 19:26 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-09-16 05:11 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-09-15 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-09-12 14:58 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-09-12 01:53 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-09-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-09-05 15:26 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-08-28 21:39 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-08-26 14:44 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-08-25 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-08-24 14:14 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-08-24 07:28 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-08-21 23:47 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-08-20 22:53 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 75 moreShow fewer
- 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-08-16 02:12 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-08-12 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-08-08 16:35 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-08-08 04:19 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-08-07 16:25 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-08-04 15:07 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-07-28 15:34 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-07-28 15:34 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-07-23 02:28 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-07-22 21:20 UTCEG score recompute▲ 3.10
- 2026-07-22 21:20 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-07-11 11:11 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-07-08 15:13 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-07-02 16:59 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-27 03:07 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-23 21:31 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-23 21:31 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-22 17:35 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-06-21 14:55 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-21 14:55 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-17 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-15 17:47 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-14 23:16 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-12 23:11 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-12 23:10 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-11 13:59 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-10 22:17 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-05 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-05 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-05 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-05 06:07 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-04 13:11 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-31 00:15 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-31 00:15 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-29 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-28 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-27 13:39 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-27 13:39 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-26 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-26 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-26 07:18 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-22 21:16 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-22 21:16 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-22 21:16 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-22 21:16 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-22 21:16 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-22 05:24 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-05-22 05:24 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-05-21 22:41 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-20 22:37 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-20 22:37 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-05-20 22:37 UTCEPSS rescore
Publicly available exploits
(4 references)Working exploit code is in the public domain (3 GitHub PoCs). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.
- GitHub PoCoseasfr/Scanner_CVE_OpenSSHFirst seen May 21, 2026
Scanner para identificação de servidores com softwares SSH possivelmente vulnerável às CVEs CVE-2024-6387 e CVE-2023-48795.
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCTrixSec/CVE-2023-48795First seen Jan 8, 2025
A Python-based tool to check for vulnerabilities in OpenSSH installations on local or remote systems by scanning specific IPs. It checks if the OpenSSH version is affected by CVE-2023-48795
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCkabiri-labs/sshfinderFirst seen Dec 5, 2024
Fast, parallel SSH discovery and security auditing across hosts and CIDR ranges: identifies SSH on any port in real time, then flags auth methods, weak crypto, Terrapin (CVE-2023-48795), and reused host keys.
Open source ↗ - Nucleijavascript/cves/2023/CVE-2023-48795.yamlFirst seen Jan 1, 2023
OpenSSH Terrapin Attack - Detection
Open source ↗
Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)
Same product
10 shownAlpine:v3.16:dropbear · Debian:10:php-phpseclib · Debian:10:putty
Same vendor
10 shownredhat:RHSA-2023:7198 · redhat:RHSA-2023:7197 · redhat:RHSA-2024:0040
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2023-48795?
When was CVE-2023-48795 disclosed?
Is CVE-2023-48795 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-48795?
How do I remediate CVE-2023-48795?
Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2023-48795
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2023-48795?
EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.