CVE-2023-22621

HIGHNVD 7.28.5▲
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

Score elevated to 8.5 because EPSS predicts 71% probability of exploitation within the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). NVD baseline CVSS 7.2 retained for reference. Confidence: see factors.

Triggered by: EPSS exploit prediction (continuous uplift above 30%)
Sources: epss, nvd
Elevated
8.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch this weekExploitation is likely or a public exploit exists.
  • High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 71%
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 71%CVSS: 7.2Exploit: Elevated riskExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Strapi through 4.5.5 allows authenticated Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that can be exploited to execute arbitrary code on the server. A remote attacker with access to the Strapi admin panel can inject a crafted payload that executes code on the server into an email template that bypasses the validation checks that should prevent code execution.

CVSS v3
7.2
EG Score
8.5HIGHhigh confidence
EG Risk
66
EG Risk 66/100CISA SSVC

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity85% × 45%
Exploitation71% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA SSVC: Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
71%
EPSS %ILE
99th
KEV
Not listed

CISA SSVCTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it: high means the affected system is essential to your organisation's mission, or its compromise could cause irreversible harm to people. CISA's decision table

Published

April 19, 2023

Last Modified

November 7, 2025

References (6)

Affected Packages

(2 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
@strapi/plugin-email—
  • every version up to 4.5.6: fixed in 4.5.6
—
@strapi/plugin-users-permissions—
  • every version up to 4.5.6: fixed in 4.5.6
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 3× in last 7d / 17× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 116 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-10-08 17:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-10-07 23:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-10-06 15:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-10-03 14:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-10-01 19:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-09-30 16:17 UTCEG score recompute▼ 0.20
  7. 2026-09-26 15:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-09-23 14:17 UTCOSV refresh
  10. 2026-09-23 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-09-22 14:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-09-18 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-09-17 19:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-09-16 14:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-09-16 05:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-09-15 03:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-09-12 14:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-09-07 15:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-09-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-09-05 15:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-09-04 13:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-09-04 13:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-09-04 09:16 UTCOSV refresh
  24. 2026-09-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-08-28 21:38 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-08-26 14:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-08-25 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-08-24 14:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-08-21 23:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-08-20 22:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-08-19 17:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-08-18 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-08-17 19:59 UTCOSV refresh
  10. 2026-08-17 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-08-16 14:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-08-16 02:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-08-13 21:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-08-12 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-08-07 16:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-08-05 19:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-08-04 10:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-08-02 15:27 UTCOSV refresh
  19. 2026-08-02 02:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-08-02 02:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-08-01 04:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-07-30 01:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-07-30 01:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-07-26 14:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-07-26 14:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-07-25 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-07-25 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-07-24 14:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-07-23 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-07-23 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-07-23 02:19 UTCEG score recompute▲ 1.50
  32. 2026-07-22 23:06 UTCEG score recompute▼ 1.80
  33. 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-07-20 17:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-07-19 14:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-07-19 14:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-07-15 22:53 UTCOSV refresh
  39. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-07-13 22:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-07-13 22:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-07-12 05:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-07-12 05:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-07-11 08:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-07-11 08:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-07-08 15:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-07-05 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-07-01 15:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-06-30 23:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-06-28 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-06-28 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-06-28 04:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-06-28 04:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-06-27 23:34 UTCOSV refresh
  55. 2026-06-27 03:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  58. 2026-06-24 14:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-06-24 14:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-06-23 21:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-06-23 21:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-06-21 01:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-06-21 01:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-06-17 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-06-17 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-06-15 17:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-06-14 23:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-06-12 23:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-06-10 22:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-06-10 13:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-06-10 13:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-06-10 10:17 UTCOSV refresh
  74. 2026-06-08 14:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-06-08 14:15 UTCEPSS rescore

Publicly available exploits

(2 references)

Working exploit code is in the public domain (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.

  • GitHub PoCsofianeelhor/CVE-2023-22621-POC
    First seen Apr 25, 2023

    CVE-2023-22621: SSTI to RCE by Exploiting Email Templates affecting Strapi Versions <=4.5.5

    Open source ↗
  • Nucleihttp/cves/2023/CVE-2023-22621.yaml
    First seen Jan 1, 2023

    Strapi Versions <=4.5.5 - SSTI to Remote Code Execution

    Open source ↗

Related CVEs(same product + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-22621?
CVE-2023-22621 is a high vulnerability published on April 19, 2023. Strapi through 4.5.5 allows authenticated Server-Side Template Injection (SSTI) that can be exploited to execute arbitrary code on the server. A remote attacker with access to the Strapi admin panel can inject a crafted payload that executes code on the server into an email template that bypasses…
When was CVE-2023-22621 disclosed?
CVE-2023-22621 was first published on April 19, 2023, with the most recent update on November 7, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2023-22621 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-22621 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 71% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-22621?
CVE-2023-22621 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.2 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 8.5 (HIGH).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-22621?
A fix for CVE-2023-22621 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

Dependency Blast Radius

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