CVE-2019-5427

HIGHNVD 7.57.5—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This high-severity CVE scores 7.5 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 5.7%, top 10% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
7.5
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 5%CVSS: 7.5Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

c3p0 version < 0.9.5.4 may be exploited by a billion laughs attack when loading XML configuration due to missing protections against recursive entity expansion when loading configuration.

CVSS v3
7.5
EG Score
7.5(medium)
EPSS
91.0%
KEV
Not listed

Published

April 22, 2019

Last Modified

September 5, 2025

References (16)

Patch Availability(4)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulibc3p0-java (0.9.1.2-9+deb8u1ubuntu0.16.04.1~esm1) @ xenial2026-05-27ubuntu
ubuntulibc3p0-java-doc (0.9.1.2-9+deb8u1ubuntu0.14.04.1~esm1) @ trusty2026-05-27ubuntu
ubuntulibc3p0-java (0.9.1.2-10ubuntu0.21.10.1) @ impish2026-05-27ubuntu
redhatc3p02020-03-26redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Maven(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
com.mchange:c3p00.9.2 ... 0.9.5.3 (23 versions)0.9.5.4—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(4)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 40× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-07-11 08:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-11 08:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-09 19:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-08 15:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-07 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-06 16:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-06 16:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-06 02:20 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-06 02:20 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-05 02:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-04 06:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-03 12:56 UTCOSV refresh
  13. 2026-07-01 15:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-07-01 15:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-06-30 23:20 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-06-29 14:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-06-28 04:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-06-28 04:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-06-27 03:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-06-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-06-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-24 14:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-24 14:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-23 21:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-23 21:31 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 48 more
  1. 2026-06-21 14:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-06-21 14:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-06-21 01:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-06-21 01:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-06-19 19:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-06-19 19:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-06-18 17:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-06-18 17:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-06-17 17:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-06-16 17:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-06-15 17:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-06-15 03:13 UTCOSV refresh
  13. 2026-06-13 22:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-06-12 23:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-06-12 23:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-06-11 13:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-06-10 22:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-06-10 22:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-06-10 13:19 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-06-08 14:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-06-08 14:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-08 14:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-07 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-07 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-06-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-06-05 22:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-06-05 06:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-06-04 13:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-06-04 13:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-06-02 20:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-06-02 20:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-06-01 13:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-06-01 13:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-05-31 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-05-31 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-05-31 00:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-05-31 00:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-05-29 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-05-28 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-05-28 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-05-27 20:21 UTCEG score recompute
  43. 2026-05-27 20:21 UTCVendor advisory
  44. 2026-05-27 13:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-05-27 13:38 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-05-26 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-05-24 16:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-05-23 03:35 UTCOSV refresh

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2019-5427?
CVE-2019-5427 is a high vulnerability published on April 22, 2019. c3p0 version < 0.9.5.4 may be exploited by a billion laughs attack when loading XML configuration due to missing protections against recursive entity expansion when loading configuration.
When was CVE-2019-5427 disclosed?
CVE-2019-5427 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on April 22, 2019, with the most recent update on September 5, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2019-5427 actively exploited?
CVE-2019-5427 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 91.0% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2019-5427?
CVE-2019-5427 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2019-5427?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2019-5427, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2019-5427

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