CVE-2026-98548

CRITICALPre-NVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2026-10-18. A secondary CVSS source baseline 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source

Also known asEUVD-2026-103593 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.7%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

sctp: discard the rest of the packet on a stale-cookie error

When an association is in COOKIE-ECHOED state and the peer sends a bundled [ERROR(Stale Cookie)][DATA] packet from one of its non-primary addresses, processing the ERROR chunk takes the non-fatal stale-cookie retry path sctp_sf_do_5_2_6_stale(), which queues SCTP_CMD_DEL_NON_PRIMARY while keeping the association alive. sctp_cmd_del_non_primary() removes every non-primary transport - including the very transport this packet arrived on, which is still referenced by the receive lookup and shared by all chunks of the packet via chunk->transport.

sctp_assoc_rm_peer() does redirect asoc->peer.last_data_from away from the removed transport, but right afterwards the bundled DATA chunk makes sctp_assoc_bh_rcv() re-register asoc->peer.last_data_from = chunk->transport unconditionally, undoing the redirection with the just-removed transport.

Once the packet is done, the receive reference is dropped and the transport is RCU-freed, while the surviving association keeps the dangling last_data_from. A later FWD-TSN (or the delayed SACK timer) makes sctp_gen_sack() dereference it (->param_flags and friends), and sctp_make_sack()/sctp_outq_select_transport() may write to the freed object and link it into the live transport list. This is a use-after-free triggerable by any malicious SCTP peer (or a local unprivileged user acting as one) with no capabilities required:

BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in sctp_do_sm+0x498a/0x5660 Read of size 4 at addr ffff88800e1e356c by task poc/115 Call Trace: sctp_do_sm <- sctp_assoc_bh_rcv <- sctp_inq_push <- sctp_rcv <- ip_protocol_deliver_rcu <- ip_rcv Allocated: sctp_transport_new <- sctp_assoc_add_peer <- sctp_process_init (INIT-ACK processing) Freed: kfree <- sctp_transport_destroy_rcu <- rcu_core (call_rcu queued by sctp_transport_put at end of sctp_rcv) The buggy address is located 364 bytes inside of freed 1024-byte region [ffff88800e1e3400, ffff88800e1e3800), cache kmalloc-1k

Note that commit 03a9d10ecf71 ("sctp: drop a chunk if its transport was removed") only covers the window between the receive lookup and the chunk processing (e.g. an ASCONF DEL-IP racing the socket backlog); here the transport is removed *while* the packet is being processed, by an earlier chunk of the same packet, so the drop in sctp_inq_push() does not reach this path. Verified with the bundled [ERROR(Stale Cookie)][DATA] + FWD-TSN reproducer: the KASAN report above still fires with that commit applied, and is gone with this patch on top.

Fix it by discarding the rest of the packet on this path, as suggested by Xin. After the stale-cookie ERROR has sent the association back to COOKIE-WAIT and removed the non-primary transports, the remaining chunks of the packet can only run against the restarted handshake while referencing the removed arrival transport through chunk->transport: besides the last_data_from registration above, sctp_cmd_setup_t2() and the sctp_make_*() reply builders would also copy that pointer into association-lifetime state that sctp_assoc_rm_peer() has already sanitized. Let the peer retransmit them, in line with what sctp_inq_push() does for chunks whose transport was removed before processing.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALhigh confidence
EG Risk
44
EG Risk 44/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.7% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.7%
EPSS %ILE
53rd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.7% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-11). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

October 18, 2026

Last Modified

October 24, 2026

Advisory Details (8)

Auto-updated Nov 7, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

sctp: discard the rest of the packet on a stale-cookie error - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec23855274a73906b02f0d124fefd9cb3c008b1d
Web page

sctp: discard the rest of the packet on a stale-cookie error - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d68c9287b3ca0d6faadc61fbcb18d1a6b5493321
Web page

sctp: discard the rest of the packet on a stale-cookie error - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c0af3fd150fdc43821df3bb77e5ec74faf4dfc7a
Web page

sctp: discard the rest of the packet on a stale-cookie error - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/965e21ea16acb394d5e5801998ca9b0adc669665
Web page

sctp: discard the rest of the packet on a stale-cookie error - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/854c053c71459f8db7ef07db9cfa4eec5f5206f2
Web page

sctp: discard the rest of the packet on a stale-cookie error - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6df536c5acbc0abd6f119d02e24f4a2ed97707f4
Web page

sctp: discard the rest of the packet on a stale-cookie error - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4498467a8af06cfa3d71cb04bd7c4170dec8f449
Web page

sctp: discard the rest of the packet on a stale-cookie error - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1cd246b214dc9acf4e2f11d58c035e1e672fe7d2

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-98548(2)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(15)

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(4 across 3 ecosystems)
Debian:12(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.1.106-1 ... 6.1.99-1 (57 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.190-1: fixed in 6.1.190-1
—
linux-6.126.12.100-1~deb12u1, 6.12.101-1~deb12u1, 6.12.107-1~deb12u1, 6.12.111-1~deb12u1
  • every version up to 6.12.113-1~deb12u1: fixed in 6.12.113-1~deb12u1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.12.96-1 (36 versions)
  • every version up to 6.12.113-1: fixed in 6.12.113-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 7.2~rc7-1~exp1 (184 versions)
  • every version up to 7.2.9-1: fixed in 7.2.9-1
—

Additional Vendor Advisories

(14)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 20× in last 7d / 72× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-11-12 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  2. 2026-11-12 09:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-12 09:35 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-11-12 09:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  5. 2026-11-11 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  6. 2026-11-11 09:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  7. 2026-11-11 09:55 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-11-11 09:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  9. 2026-11-10 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  10. 2026-11-10 10:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-11-10 10:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  12. 2026-11-09 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  13. 2026-11-09 10:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-09 10:30 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-11-09 10:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  16. 2026-11-08 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  17. 2026-11-08 10:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-11-08 10:50 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-11-08 10:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  20. 2026-11-07 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  21. 2026-11-07 11:10 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-11-07 11:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  23. 2026-11-06 22:55 UTCOSV refresh
  24. 2026-11-06 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  25. 2026-11-06 11:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
Show 70 more
  1. 2026-11-06 11:30 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-11-06 11:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  3. 2026-11-05 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  4. 2026-11-05 11:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-05 11:50 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-11-05 11:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  7. 2026-11-04 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  8. 2026-11-04 12:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-04 12:09 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-11-04 12:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  11. 2026-11-03 16:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  12. 2026-11-03 12:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-11-03 12:29 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-11-03 12:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  15. 2026-11-02 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  16. 2026-11-02 12:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-02 12:49 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-11-02 12:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  19. 2026-11-01 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  20. 2026-11-01 13:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-11-01 13:08 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-11-01 13:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  23. 2026-10-31 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  24. 2026-10-31 13:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-10-31 13:27 UTCVendor advisory
  26. 2026-10-31 13:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  27. 2026-10-30 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  28. 2026-10-30 13:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  29. 2026-10-30 13:46 UTCVendor advisory
  30. 2026-10-30 13:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  31. 2026-10-29 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  32. 2026-10-29 13:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  33. 2026-10-29 13:59 UTCVendor advisory
  34. 2026-10-29 13:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  35. 2026-10-28 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  36. 2026-10-28 14:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  37. 2026-10-28 14:19 UTCVendor advisory
  38. 2026-10-28 14:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  39. 2026-10-27 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  40. 2026-10-27 14:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  41. 2026-10-27 14:19 UTCVendor advisory
  42. 2026-10-27 14:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  43. 2026-10-26 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  44. 2026-10-26 14:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  45. 2026-10-26 14:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  46. 2026-10-25 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  47. 2026-10-25 14:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  48. 2026-10-25 14:08 UTCVendor advisory
  49. 2026-10-25 14:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  50. 2026-10-25 13:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  51. 2026-10-24 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  52. 2026-10-24 14:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  53. 2026-10-24 14:26 UTCVendor advisory
  54. 2026-10-24 14:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc
  55. 2026-10-24 14:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scoredFirst assessed: 9.8 CRITICAL
  56. 2026-10-24 14:14 UTCVendor advisory
  57. 2026-10-24 14:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc
  58. 2026-10-24 14:13 UTCMITRE cvelistV5CVSS v3 → 9.8 · severity → CRITICAL
  59. 2026-10-23 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  60. 2026-10-22 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  61. 2026-10-21 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  62. 2026-10-20 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  63. 2026-10-19 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  64. 2026-10-19 10:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc
  65. 2026-10-19 10:26 UTCNVD update
  66. 2026-10-19 10:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3mq3-vc9v-9wmc
  67. 2026-10-19 09:39 UTCMITRE cvelistV5
  68. 2026-10-18 16:25 UTCNVD update
  69. 2026-10-18 15:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  70. 2026-10-18 15:28 UTCMITRE cvelistV5first tracked

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-98548?
CVE-2026-98548 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on October 18, 2026. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: sctp: discard the rest of the packet on a stale-cookie error When an association is in COOKIE-ECHOED state and the peer sends a bundled [ERROR(Stale Cookie)][DATA] packet from one of its non-primary addresses, processing the ERROR…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-98548 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-98548 was published on October 18, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 24, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-98548 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-98548 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.7% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (53rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-98548?
CVE-2026-98548 has a CVSS base score of 9.8 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-98548?
A fix for CVE-2026-98548 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-98548 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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