CVE-2026-78145

MEDIUMPre-NVD 4.34.3
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 4.3 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: LOW) published 2026-08-24. A secondary CVSS source baseline 4.3; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekElevated
4.3EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.6%CVSS: 4.3Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

A vulnerability has been found in CTFd up to 3.8.4. The affected element is the function _is_safe_url of the file CTFd/utils/validators/__init__.py. Such manipulation of the argument Next leads to open redirect. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be used. The name of the patch is 5d8515842fd1ab2c3a9f2dde9ffca907aa334ea9. Upgrading the affected component is recommended.

CVSS v3
4.3
EG Score
4.3MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
35
EG Risk 35/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity43% × 45%
The EG Score, 4.3 of 10.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.6%
EPSS %ILE
44th
KEV
Not listed

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

August 23, 2026

Last Modified

August 24, 2026

Advisory Details (5)

Auto-updated Aug 23, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_release, github_pr, github_commit.
Web page

GitHub - CTFd/CTFd: CTFs as you need them · GitHub

https://github.com/CTFd/CTFd/
GitHub release Patch Available

3.8.4

Patch available: CTFd/CTFd 3.8.4

https://github.com/CTFd/CTFd/releases/tag/3.8.4
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 5d8515842fd1 (CTFd/CTFd)

Patch available: CTFd/CTFd 3.8.4 (contains commit 5d8515842fd1)

https://github.com/CTFd/CTFd/commit/5d8515842fd1ab2c3a9f2dde9ffca907aa334ea9
GitHub pull request Patch Available

Mark 3.8.4

Patch available: CTFd/CTFd 3.8.4 (PR #3026 merged 2026-04-20)

https://github.com/CTFd/CTFd/pull/3026
Web page

Open Redirect in CTFd Login and Registration Flow · Michael Blunt

https://mblunt.dev/writeups/ctfd-open-redirect/

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-78145(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 17× in last 7d / 75× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 98 of 140 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 2 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 42 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-13 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  2. 2026-10-12 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  3. 2026-10-12 15:37 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-11 19:23 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-11 16:39 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 13:57 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  8. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  9. 2026-10-10 13:21 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-10 13:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  11. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  12. 2026-10-09 08:00 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-09 08:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  14. 2026-10-08 17:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  15. 2026-10-08 05:19 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-08 05:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  17. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  18. 2026-10-07 04:08 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-07 04:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  20. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  21. 2026-10-06 02:58 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-06 02:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  23. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  24. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  25. 2026-10-04 20:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
Show 73 more
  1. 2026-10-03 16:34 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-03 16:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  3. 2026-10-03 14:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  4. 2026-10-02 09:45 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-02 09:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  6. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  7. 2026-10-01 08:36 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-01 08:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  9. 2026-09-30 07:21 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-09-30 07:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  11. 2026-09-29 15:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  12. 2026-09-29 03:19 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-09-29 03:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  14. 2026-09-28 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  15. 2026-09-28 02:01 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-09-28 02:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  17. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  18. 2026-09-27 00:51 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-09-27 00:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  20. 2026-09-26 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  21. 2026-09-26 00:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  22. 2026-09-24 22:19 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-09-24 22:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  24. 2026-09-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  25. 2026-09-23 20:49 UTCEG score recompute
  26. 2026-09-23 20:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  27. 2026-09-23 17:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  28. 2026-09-22 19:39 UTCEG score recompute
  29. 2026-09-22 19:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  30. 2026-09-22 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  31. 2026-09-21 21:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  32. 2026-09-21 15:41 UTCEG score recompute
  33. 2026-09-21 15:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  34. 2026-09-20 20:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  35. 2026-09-20 14:31 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-09-20 14:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  37. 2026-09-19 13:16 UTCEG score recompute
  38. 2026-09-19 13:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  39. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  40. 2026-09-18 12:06 UTCEG score recompute
  41. 2026-09-18 12:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  42. 2026-09-17 10:55 UTCEG score recompute
  43. 2026-09-17 10:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  44. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  45. 2026-09-16 09:45 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-09-16 09:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  47. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  48. 2026-09-15 08:35 UTCEG score recompute
  49. 2026-09-15 08:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  50. 2026-09-15 03:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  51. 2026-09-14 07:25 UTCEG score recompute
  52. 2026-09-14 07:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  53. 2026-09-13 06:15 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-09-13 06:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  55. 2026-09-12 05:06 UTCEG score recompute
  56. 2026-09-12 05:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  57. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  58. 2026-09-11 03:56 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-09-11 03:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  60. 2026-09-10 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  61. 2026-09-10 02:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  62. 2026-09-09 01:36 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-09-09 01:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  64. 2026-09-08 22:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  65. 2026-09-07 11:05 UTCEG score recompute
  66. 2026-09-07 11:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  67. 2026-09-06 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  68. 2026-09-06 09:51 UTCEG score recompute
  69. 2026-09-06 09:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  70. 2026-09-05 08:42 UTCEG score recompute
  71. 2026-09-05 08:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3
  72. 2026-09-04 07:32 UTCEG score recompute
  73. 2026-09-04 07:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9x8r-fvqr-38vh · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 4.3

Related CVEs(same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-78145?
CVE-2026-78145 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on August 23, 2026. A vulnerability has been found in CTFd up to 3.8.4. The affected element is the function issafe_url of the file CTFd/utils/validators/init.py. Such manipulation of the argument Next leads to open redirect. The attack can be launched remotely. The exploit has been disclosed to the public and may be…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-78145 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-78145 was published on August 23, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of August 24, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-78145 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-78145 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.6% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (44th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-78145?
CVE-2026-78145 has a CVSS base score of 4.3 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-78145?
A fix for CVE-2026-78145 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-78145 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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