CVE-2026-74478

CRITICALPre-NVD 9.89.8—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2026-08-15. A secondary CVSS source baseline 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, secondary
Trending — 4 sources updated this week
9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.9%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

um: vector: fix use-after-free in vector_mmsg_rx()

When vector_mmsg_rx() discards a packet whose overlay header fails verify_header(), it frees the skb and continues the loop:

if (header_check < 0) { dev_kfree_skb_irq(skb); vp->estats.rx_encaps_errors++; continue; }

The normal and short-packet paths fall through to the bottom of the loop body, which clears the consumed slot and advances the cursors:

(*skbuff_vector) = NULL; mmsg_vector++; skbuff_vector++;

The verify_header() < 0 path skips that via continue, so the freed skb is left in skbuff_vector[] and the cursors do not advance. The next iteration reads the same slot, gets the freed skb, and frees it again, producing a refcount underflow / use-after-free in the RX path.

Discard the slot the same way the other paths do before continuing.

Only transports whose verify_header() can return negative are affected: GRE and L2TPv3 do so on a cookie/session-id mismatch (raw/tap do not), so any peer on such a transport can trigger it without authentication.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
49
EG Risk 49/100CISA SSVC

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity98% × 45%
Exploitation1% × 40%
Automatability30% × 15%
CISA SSVC: Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* or Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.9%
EPSS %ILE
57th
KEV
Not listed

CISA SSVCTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* or Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (no KEV listing, exploit record or EPSS ≥ 50%) · Automatable unknown (not published for this CVE) · Technical impact total (CVSS ≥ 9.0). Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it: high means the affected system is essential to your organisation's mission, or its compromise could cause irreversible harm to people. CISA's decision table

Published

August 15, 2026

Last Modified

August 19, 2026

Advisory Details (8)

Auto-updated Sep 30, 2026
Patch available.
generic

um: vector: fix use-after-free in vector_mmsg_rx() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/af421e9aed3920c7ac88c24daa48606c7112feca
generic

um: vector: fix use-after-free in vector_mmsg_rx() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a7bc015bb798c525e7a82dd14225c6aeb994274b
generic

um: vector: fix use-after-free in vector_mmsg_rx() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/967c779c9853d2a1cc9cd8e61d300250c348f3d9
generic

um: vector: fix use-after-free in vector_mmsg_rx() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/804b681002ead233abf49a3efd681f5468a835f9
generic

um: vector: fix use-after-free in vector_mmsg_rx() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7dc9781e320d664c9bdd50003c9acfddf363d1e1
generic

um: vector: fix use-after-free in vector_mmsg_rx() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/67d58ab4f2ccf7145f3da07e025735a09c79de1b
generic

um: vector: fix use-after-free in vector_mmsg_rx() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b9601595e8b6b5d18878cac0aeabc687d241111
generic

um: vector: fix use-after-free in vector_mmsg_rx() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/180ff4c81faf01ec4e06082c9daa7c40518ead89

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-74478(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-tegra-rt-6.8 (6.8.0-1035.38) @ noble2026-10-05ubuntu

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(4 across 3 ecosystems)
Debian:12(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.1.106-1 ... 6.1.99-1 (56 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.187-1: fixed in 6.1.187-1
—
linux-6.126.12.100-1~deb12u1, 6.12.101-1~deb12u1
  • every version up to 6.12.107-1~deb12u1: fixed in 6.12.107-1~deb12u1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.12.96-1 (33 versions)
  • every version up to 6.12.105-1: fixed in 6.12.105-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 7.1~rc7-1~exp1 (165 versions)
  • every version up to 7.1.8-1: fixed in 7.1.8-1
—

All Vendor Advisories

(1)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 55× in last 7d / 259× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 432 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-10-05 06:45 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-10-05 06:45 UTCGHSA enrichment
  3. 2026-10-05 02:00 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-05 02:00 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-10-05 02:00 UTCGHSA enrichment
  6. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-10-04 21:56 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-10-04 21:56 UTCGHSA enrichment
  9. 2026-10-04 16:27 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-10-04 16:27 UTCGHSA enrichment
  11. 2026-10-04 12:02 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-04 12:01 UTCGHSA enrichment
  13. 2026-10-04 07:01 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-10-04 07:01 UTCGHSA enrichment
  15. 2026-10-04 03:24 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-10-04 03:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-10-03 19:29 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-03 19:29 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-10-03 19:29 UTCGHSA enrichment
  20. 2026-10-03 14:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-10-03 00:47 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-10-03 00:47 UTCGHSA enrichment
  23. 2026-10-02 19:27 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-02 19:27 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-10-02 19:27 UTCGHSA enrichment
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-02 15:50 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-10-02 15:50 UTCGHSA enrichment
  3. 2026-10-02 07:02 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-10-02 07:02 UTCGHSA enrichment
  5. 2026-10-02 02:00 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-02 02:00 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-10-02 02:00 UTCGHSA enrichment
  8. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-10-01 13:05 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-10-01 13:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
  11. 2026-10-01 09:28 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-01 09:28 UTCGHSA enrichment
  13. 2026-10-01 05:50 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-10-01 05:50 UTCGHSA enrichment
  15. 2026-10-01 01:33 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-10-01 01:33 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-09-30 20:57 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-09-30 20:57 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-09-30 20:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
  20. 2026-09-29 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-09-29 06:59 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-09-29 06:59 UTCGHSA enrichment
  23. 2026-09-29 03:22 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-09-29 03:22 UTCGHSA enrichment
  25. 2026-09-28 23:38 UTCEG score recompute
  26. 2026-09-28 23:38 UTCVendor advisory
  27. 2026-09-28 23:38 UTCGHSA enrichment
  28. 2026-09-28 13:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-09-28 13:05 UTCVendor advisory
  30. 2026-09-28 13:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
  31. 2026-09-28 09:28 UTCVendor advisory
  32. 2026-09-28 09:28 UTCGHSA enrichment
  33. 2026-09-28 05:51 UTCVendor advisory
  34. 2026-09-28 05:51 UTCGHSA enrichment
  35. 2026-09-28 02:14 UTCVendor advisory
  36. 2026-09-28 02:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  37. 2026-09-27 22:37 UTCVendor advisory
  38. 2026-09-27 22:37 UTCGHSA enrichment
  39. 2026-09-27 16:43 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-09-27 16:43 UTCVendor advisory
  41. 2026-09-27 16:43 UTCGHSA enrichment
  42. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-09-27 12:27 UTCVendor advisory
  44. 2026-09-27 12:27 UTCGHSA enrichment
  45. 2026-09-27 08:24 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-09-27 08:24 UTCVendor advisory
  47. 2026-09-27 08:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  48. 2026-09-26 15:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-09-26 00:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-09-25 09:42 UTCVendor advisory
  51. 2026-09-25 09:42 UTCGHSA enrichment
  52. 2026-09-25 06:05 UTCVendor advisory
  53. 2026-09-25 06:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
  54. 2026-09-25 02:28 UTCVendor advisory
  55. 2026-09-25 02:28 UTCGHSA enrichment
  56. 2026-09-24 16:24 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-09-24 16:24 UTCVendor advisory
  58. 2026-09-24 16:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  59. 2026-09-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-09-24 11:38 UTCVendor advisory
  61. 2026-09-24 11:38 UTCGHSA enrichment
  62. 2026-09-24 08:00 UTCVendor advisory
  63. 2026-09-24 08:00 UTCGHSA enrichment
  64. 2026-09-24 04:03 UTCVendor advisory
  65. 2026-09-24 04:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  66. 2026-09-24 00:11 UTCVendor advisory
  67. 2026-09-24 00:11 UTCGHSA enrichment
  68. 2026-09-23 20:31 UTCEG score recompute
  69. 2026-09-23 20:31 UTCVendor advisory
  70. 2026-09-23 20:31 UTCGHSA enrichment
  71. 2026-09-23 17:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-09-23 14:51 UTCVendor advisory
  73. 2026-09-23 14:51 UTCGHSA enrichment
  74. 2026-09-23 11:14 UTCVendor advisory
  75. 2026-09-23 11:14 UTCGHSA enrichment

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-74478?
CVE-2026-74478 is a critical vulnerability published on August 15, 2026. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: um: vector: fix use-after-free in vectormmsgrx() When vectormmsgrx() discards a packet whose overlay header fails verify_header(), it frees the skb and continues the loop: if (header_check < 0) { devkfreeskb_irq(skb);…
When was CVE-2026-74478 disclosed?
CVE-2026-74478 was first published on August 15, 2026, with the most recent update on August 19, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2026-74478 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-74478 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.9% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (57th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-74478?
CVE-2026-74478 has a CVSS base score of 9.8 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-74478?
A fix for CVE-2026-74478 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-74478 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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