@sigstore/core has DSSE payloadType type-binding failure
Impact
ThepreAuthEncoding function in @sigstore/core uses Node.js 'ascii' encoding when converting the PAE (Pre-Authentication Encoding) string to bytes. This allows payloadType to be mutated after signing without invalidating the signature, breaking the type-binding guarantee that DSSE is designed to provide.In packages/core/src/dsse.ts, the PAE function builds a string containing payloadType and then encodes it with Buffer.from(prefix, 'ascii').
In Node.js, 'ascii' encoding for string-to-Buffer is equivalent to 'latin1', which truncates characters above U+00FF to their low byte. This means for any ASCII character, there exist Unicode characters (at U+01xx, U+02xx, etc.) that produce the identical encoded byte:
| Original | Codepoint | Mutant | Codepoint | Encoded byte |
|----------|-----------|--------|-----------|--------------|
| t | U+0074 | Ŵ | U+0174 | 0x74 |
| e | U+0065 | ť | U+0165 | 0x65 |
An attacker can substitute every character in payloadType with a Unicode variant whose low byte matches, producing identical PAE bytes and a passing signature verification.
Additionally, payloadType.length returns the JavaScript string length (UTF-16 code units) rather than the UTF-8 byte length required by the DSSE spec, though this is only a contributing factor for non-ASCII types.
Reproduction
const { preAuthEncoding } = require('@sigstore/core/dist/dsse.js');
const payload = Buffer.from('hello world');const original = preAuthEncoding('text/plain', payload);
// U+01xx chars whose low bytes match the original ASCII chars
const mutant = preAuthEncoding('\u0174\u0165\u0178\u0174/\u0170\u016c\u0161\u0169\u016e', payload);
console.log('PAE bytes equal:', original.equals(mutant)); // true — should be false