Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in OSGeo gdal (frmts/zlib/contrib/infback9 modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files inftree9.C.
This issue affects gdal: before 3.11.0.
CVE-2026-4738
CRITICALPre-NVD 9.49.4Trending — 3 sources updated this week
EchelonGraph scoreLOW confidence
This critical-severity CVE scores 9.4 under a secondary CVSS source (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit-prediction score not yet available (the EPSS model rescores nightly; freshly-published CVEs typically appear within 48 hours). GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).
Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: secondary
9.4EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
- High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0%CVSS: 9.4Exploit: None knownExposed: 0
No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.
- CVSS v3
- 9.4
- EG Score
- 9.4(low)
- EG Risk
- 47(Track)EG Risk 47/100SSVC: Track
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).
How it’s computedSeverity94% × 45%Exploitation0% × 40%Automatability30% × 15%Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence. - EPSS PROB
- 0%
- EPSS %ILE
- 20%
- KEV
- Not listed
Published
March 24, 2026
Last Modified
June 17, 2026
Advisory Details (1)
Auto-updated Jul 27, 2026Upstream fix merged — awaiting tagged release. Sources: github_pr.
github_pr
frmts/zlib/contrib/infback9/inftree9.c: Fix potential vulnerable cloned functions.
Fix merged in OSGeo/gdal PR #12244 on 2025-05-01 — awaiting tagged release
https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/pull/12244Weakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 6× in last 7d / 6× in last 30d)
Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.
- 2026-08-01 04:16 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-07-30 16:28 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-07-30 01:30 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-07-28 15:37 UTCEPSS rescore
- 2026-07-27 14:30 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-07-27 14:30 UTCGHSA enrichment
Related CVEs(same CWE)
Same CWE
10 shownCWE-119
- CVE-2003-0819EG 10.0EPSS p99HIGH
- CVE-2003-0903EG 10.0EPSS p98HIGH
- CVE-2003-1339EG 10.0EPSS p99HIGH
- CVE-2003-0095EG 10.0EPSS p96HIGH
- CVE-2002-2227EG 10.0HIGH
- CVE-2002-2248EG 10.0EPSS p92HIGH
- CVE-2002-2250EG 10.0EPSS p94HIGH
- CVE-2002-2251EG 10.0EPSS p93HIGH
- CVE-2002-2253EG 10.0EPSS p93HIGH
- CVE-2002-2257EG 10.0EPSS p92HIGH
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2026-4738?
CVE-2026-4738 is a critical vulnerability published on March 24, 2026. Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in OSGeo gdal (frmts/zlib/contrib/infback9 modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files inftree9.C. This issue affects gdal: before 3.11.0.
When was CVE-2026-4738 disclosed?
CVE-2026-4738 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on March 24, 2026, with the most recent update on June 17, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2026-4738 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-4738 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 80.1% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-4738?
CVE-2026-4738 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.4 (NVD). The EG score is currently aggregating — additional source signals are being incorporated as they become available..
How do I remediate CVE-2026-4738?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2026-4738, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.
Dependency Blast Radius
Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2026-4738
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2026-4738?
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