CVE-2026-8086

HIGHNVD 7.87.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This high-severity CVE scores 7.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.2% (14th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). GitHub Security Advisory CVSS 5.3 is lower than this score; a lower GitHub score revises it only when its advisory is newer than the CVE record's last change, and this advisory (published 2026-05-07) is not newer than that change (2026-10-25), so it does not.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 5 sources updated this weekElevated

Also known asEUVD-2026-28418 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-72pg-5w29-wjx6 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

A vulnerability was identified in OSGeo gdal up to 3.13.0dev-4. This issue affects the function SWnentries of the file frmts/hdf4/hdf-eos/SWapi.c. Such manipulation of the argument DimensionName leads to heap-based buffer overflow. The attack must be carried out locally. The exploit is publicly available and might be used. Upgrading to version 3.12.4RC1 is capable of addressing this issue. The name of the patch is 9491e794f1757f08063ea2f7a274ad2994afa636. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component.

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
7.8HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
51
EG Risk 51/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity78% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
14th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-27). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 7, 2026

Last Modified

October 25, 2026

Advisory Details (6)

Auto-updated May 7, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

Heap buffer overflow in SWinqdims via unbounded strcat on caller-allocated buffer · Issue #14356 · OSGeo/gdal · GitHub

https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/issues/14356
Web page

pocs/gdal-swinqdims_bof at main · biniamf/pocs · GitHub

https://github.com/biniamf/pocs/tree/main/gdal-swinqdims_bof
Web page

Release v3.12.4RC1 · OSGeo/gdal · GitHub

https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/releases/tag/v3.12.4RC1
Web page

HDF4-EOS: fix heap-buffer-overflow/nullptr-deref by rouault · Pull Request #14361 · OSGeo/gdal · GitHub

https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/pull/14361
Web page

HDF4-EOS: fix heap-buffer-overflow/nullptr-deref · OSGeo/gdal@9491e79 · GitHub

https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/commit/9491e794f1757f08063ea2f7a274ad2994afa636
Web page

GitHub - OSGeo/gdal: GDAL is an open source MIT licensed translator library for raster and vector geospatial data formats. · GitHub

https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntupython3-gdal (3.0.4+dfsg-1ubuntu0.1~esm1) @ focal2026-10-27ubuntu

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 5 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gdal3.10.0+dfsg-1 ... 3.9.3~rc1+dfsg-1~exp1 (158 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gdal3.10.0+dfsg-1 ... 3.9.3~rc1+dfsg-1~exp1 (109 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gdal3.10.3+dfsg-1 ... 3.13.3~rc1+dfsg-1~exp1 (43 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gdal3.10.3+dfsg-1 ... 3.13.0~rc2+dfsg-1~exp1 (35 versions)
  • every version up to 3.13.0+dfsg-1: fixed in 3.13.0+dfsg-1
—
PyPI(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
gdal1.10.0 ... 3.9.3 (94 versions)
  • every version up to 3.13.0: fixed in 3.13.0
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(1)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 15× in last 7d / 44× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 95 of 228 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 5 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 133 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-30 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  2. 2026-10-29 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  3. 2026-10-28 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  4. 2026-10-27 21:11 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-27 21:11 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-27 21:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-72pg-5w29-wjx6 · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 5.3
  7. 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  8. 2026-10-26 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  9. 2026-10-25 23:39 UTCEG score recompute▲ 2.50
  10. 2026-10-25 23:39 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-10-25 23:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-72pg-5w29-wjx6 · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 5.3
  12. 2026-10-25 23:25 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 7.8 · CVSS v4 → 1.9 · severity → HIGH
  13. 2026-10-25 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  14. 2026-10-25 13:59 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-24 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  16. 2026-10-23 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  17. 2026-10-22 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  18. 2026-10-22 13:53 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-22 13:53 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-22 13:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-72pg-5w29-wjx6 · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 5.3
  21. 2026-10-21 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  22. 2026-10-20 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  23. 2026-10-19 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  24. 2026-10-18 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  25. 2026-10-18 03:09 UTCEG score recompute
Show 70 more
  1. 2026-10-17 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  2. 2026-10-16 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  3. 2026-10-15 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  4. 2026-10-14 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  5. 2026-10-13 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  6. 2026-10-12 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  7. 2026-10-12 14:57 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-11 19:21 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-11 16:37 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-11 13:55 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-11 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  12. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  13. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  14. 2026-10-08 17:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  15. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  16. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  17. 2026-10-05 17:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  18. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  19. 2026-10-01 19:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  20. 2026-09-30 15:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  21. 2026-09-30 08:41 UTCOSV refresh
  22. 2026-09-28 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  23. 2026-09-27 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  24. 2026-09-26 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  25. 2026-09-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  26. 2026-09-23 17:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  27. 2026-09-22 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  28. 2026-09-21 21:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  29. 2026-09-20 20:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  30. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  31. 2026-09-17 19:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  32. 2026-09-16 14:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  33. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  34. 2026-09-15 03:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  35. 2026-09-13 16:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  36. 2026-09-12 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  37. 2026-09-11 15:23 UTCOSV refresh
  38. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  39. 2026-09-08 22:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  40. 2026-09-06 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  41. 2026-09-05 15:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  42. 2026-09-04 05:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  43. 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  44. 2026-09-01 13:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  45. 2026-09-01 04:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  46. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  47. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  48. 2026-08-28 21:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  49. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  50. 2026-08-26 14:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  51. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  52. 2026-08-24 14:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  53. 2026-08-23 19:33 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-08-23 19:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-72pg-5w29-wjx6 · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 5.3
  55. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  56. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  57. 2026-08-20 22:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  58. 2026-08-19 17:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  59. 2026-08-18 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  60. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  61. 2026-08-17 12:43 UTCEG score recompute
  62. 2026-08-17 12:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-72pg-5w29-wjx6 · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 5.3
  63. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  64. 2026-08-16 04:43 UTCEG score recompute
  65. 2026-08-16 04:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-72pg-5w29-wjx6 · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 5.3
  66. 2026-08-16 02:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  67. 2026-08-15 01:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  68. 2026-08-15 01:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-72pg-5w29-wjx6 · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 5.3
  69. 2026-08-14 03:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-72pg-5w29-wjx6 · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 5.3
  70. 2026-08-12 20:52 UTCEG score recompute

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-8086?
CVE-2026-8086 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 7, 2026. A vulnerability was identified in OSGeo gdal up to 3.13.0dev-4. This issue affects the function SWnentries of the file frmts/hdf4/hdf-eos/SWapi.c. Such manipulation of the argument DimensionName leads to heap-based buffer overflow. The attack must be carried out locally. The exploit is publicly…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-8086 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-8086 was published on May 7, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 25, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-8086 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-8086 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (14th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-8086?
CVE-2026-8086 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-8086?
A fix for CVE-2026-8086 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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