An issue was discovered in Nix before 2.34.7 and Lix before 2.95.2. Unbounded recursion in the NAR (Nix Archive) parser could lead to a stack-to-heap overflow when the parser is run on a coroutine stack. The stack is allocated without a guard page, which means that a stack overflow could overwrite memory on the heap and could allow arbitrary code execution as the Nix daemon (run as root in multi-user installations) if ASLR hardening is bypassed. This can be exploited by all users able to connect to the daemon (e.g., in Nix, this is configurable via the allowed-users setting, defaulting to all users). The fixed versions are 2.34.7, 2.33.6, 2.32.8, 2.31.5, 2.30.5, 2.29.4, and 2.28.7 for Nix (introduced in 2.24.4); and 2.95.2, 2.94.2, and 2.93.4 for Lix (introduced in 2.93.0).
CVE-2026-44028
“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.
Score 7.5 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-05-05. NVD baseline CVSS 7.5; sources differ by 0.0.
Also known asEUVD-2026-27163 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-jggj-j5fq-x969 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD
- High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 7.5
- EG Score
- 7.5HIGHmedium confidence
- EG Risk
- 34EG Risk 34/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity75% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation0.2% × 40%FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.Automatability0% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines. - EPSS PROB
- 0.2%
- EPSS %ILE
- 7th
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (7.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 7.5 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-26). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.
In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
May 5, 2026
Last Modified
October 26, 2026
Advisory Details (4)
Auto-updated May 5, 2026oss-security - Local privilege escalation in Lix and Nix
https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/04/33oss-security - Nix/Lix: local privilege escalation in daemon process
https://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/05/04/32Coroutine stack-to-heap overflow via unbounded recursion in NAR directory parser · Advisory · NixOS/nix · GitHub
https://github.com/NixOS/nix/security/advisories/GHSA-vh5x-56v6-4368Security Advisory: Local privilege escalation in Lix and Nix - Security - NixOS Discourse
https://discourse.nixos.org/t/security-advisory-local-privilege-escalation-in-lix-and-nix/77407Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-44028(4)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
- RHSA-2026:10999Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Hardened Images RPMs bug fix and enhancement update
- RHSA-2026:10208Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Hardened Images RPMs bug fix and enhancement update
- RHSA-2026:9438Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Hardened Images RPMs bug fix and enhancement update
- RHSA-2026:7046Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Hardened Images RPMs bug fix and enhancement update
Patch Availability(4)
| Vendor / Ecosystem | Fix (by version range) / Patch | Released | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| redhat | ruff-main-0.15.11-1.hum1 | 2026-04-27 | redhat |
| redhat | chunkah-main-0.4.0-1.hum1 | 2026-04-23 | redhat |
| redhat | rust-main-1.95.0-2.hum1 | 2026-04-21 | redhat |
| redhat | bootc-main-1.14.0-0.1.1.hum1 | 2026-04-08 | redhat |
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Affected Packages
(2 across 2 ecosystems)
Debian:13(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| nix | 2.26.3+dfsg-1 ... 2.34.8+dfsg-1 (6 versions) |
| — |
Debian:14(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| nix | 2.26.3+dfsg-1, 2.32.5+dfsg-1, 2.32.5+dfsg-2, 2.34.3+dfsg-1, 2.34.6+dfsg-1 |
| — |
Weakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 13× in last 7d / 43× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 100 of 257 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 157 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-10-26 19:30 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-26 19:30 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-26 19:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jggj-j5fq-x969 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
- 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-10-25 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-10-25 14:28 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-24 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-24 12:18 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-24 12:18 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-24 12:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jggj-j5fq-x969 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
- 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-21 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-18 03:39 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-17 14:05 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 14:05 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-17 14:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jggj-j5fq-x969 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
- 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
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- 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-12 16:05 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 19:47 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 17:02 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 14:27 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-09-30 10:47 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
- 2026-09-23 17:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-09-17 19:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-09-11 17:40 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-09-11 09:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-09-01 13:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-08-23 21:15 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-23 21:15 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-23 21:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jggj-j5fq-x969 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
- 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-08-19 17:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-08-17 13:05 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-17 13:05 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-17 13:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jggj-j5fq-x969 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
- 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-08-16 05:01 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-16 05:01 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-16 05:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jggj-j5fq-x969 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
- 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-08-14 16:59 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-14 16:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jggj-j5fq-x969 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
- 2026-08-14 03:37 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-14 03:37 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-14 03:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jggj-j5fq-x969 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
- 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
- 2026-08-13 06:35 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-13 06:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jggj-j5fq-x969 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
- 2026-08-12 17:14 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-08-12 17:14 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-08-12 17:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-jggj-j5fq-x969 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
- 2026-08-12 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)
Same product
7 shownDebian:13:nix
Same vendor
2 shownredhat:RHSA-2026:10208 · redhat:RHSA-2026:10999
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2026-44028?
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-44028 published?
Is CVE-2026-44028 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-44028?
How do I remediate CVE-2026-44028?
Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2026-44028
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2026-44028?
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