CVE-2026-40342

CRITICALNVD 9.99.9—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.9 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.1%, top 65% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
9.9
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 1%CVSS: 9.9Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can use a crafted ENGINE name to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem via path traversal. The library's initialization code executes immediately during loading, before Firebird validates the module, achieving code execution as the server's OS account. This issue has been fixed in versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14.

CVSS v3
9.9
EG Score
9.9(medium)
EPSS
48.7%
KEV
Not listed

Published

April 17, 2026

Last Modified

April 27, 2026

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Jul 12, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_release, github.
github Patch Available

Path traversal when declaring external routine · Advisory · FirebirdSQL/firebird · GitHub

https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/security/advisories/GHSA-7pxc-h3rv-r257
github_release Patch Available

v5.0.4

Patch available: FirebirdSQL/firebird v5.0.4

https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v5.0.4
github_release Patch Available

Firebird 4.0.7

Patch available: FirebirdSQL/firebird v4.0.7

https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v4.0.7
github_release Patch Available

Firebird 3.0.14

Patch available: FirebirdSQL/firebird v3.0.14

https://github.com/FirebirdSQL/firebird/releases/tag/v3.0.14

Weakness Classification(4)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 37× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 131 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-16 17:03 UTCEPSS rescore
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  73. 2026-06-01 13:52 UTCEPSS rescore
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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-40342?
CVE-2026-40342 is a critical vulnerability published on April 17, 2026. Firebird is an open-source relational database management system. In versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14, the external engine plugin loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without filtering path separators or .. components. An authenticated user with CREATE…
When was CVE-2026-40342 disclosed?
CVE-2026-40342 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on April 17, 2026, with the most recent update on April 27, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2026-40342 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-40342 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 48.7% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-40342?
CVE-2026-40342 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.9 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-40342?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2026-40342, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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