CVE-2026-31885

CRITICALNVD 9.49.4
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.4 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.3% (19th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekElevated

Also known asEUVD-2026-12063 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.4EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.3%CVSS: 9.4Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to 3.24.0, there is an out-of-bounds read in MS-ADPCM and IMA-ADPCM decoders due to unchecked predictor and step_index values from input data. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.24.0.

CVSS v3
9.4
EG Score
9.4CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
58
EG Risk 58/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity94% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.4 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.3%
EPSS %ILE
19th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.4): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.4 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.4 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.3% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-29). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

March 13, 2026

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Oct 2, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Out-of-bounds read in ADPCM decoders due to missing predictor/step_index bounds checks · Advisory · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advisories/GHSA-h23r-3988-3wf3
GitHub commit

commit 16df2300e1e3 (FreeRDP/FreeRDP)

Fix landed in FreeRDP/FreeRDP commit 16df2300e1e3 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/commit/16df2300e1e3f5a51f68fb1626429e58b531b7c8

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-31885(14)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(15)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntuwinpr3-utils (3.30.0+dfsg-0ubuntu0.26.04.1) @ resolute2026-10-30ubuntu
redhatfreerdp-0:2.1.1-5.el7_9.92026-05-26redhat
redhatfreerdp-2:3.10.3-3.el10_0.72026-05-26redhat
redhatfreerdp-2:2.2.0-14.el8_42026-05-20redhat
redhatfreerdp-2:2.11.7-7.el9_8.32026-05-19redhat
redhatfreerdp-2:3.10.3-12.el10_2.52026-05-19redhat
redhatfreerdp-2:2.11.2-1.el9_4.82026-05-13redhat
redhatfreerdp-2:2.2.0-7.el8_6.82026-05-13redhat
redhatfreerdp-2:2.11.7-1.el9_7.72026-05-13redhat
redhatfreerdp-2:2.11.7-1.el9_6.102026-05-13redhat
redhatfreerdp-2:2.2.0-12.el8_8.82026-05-13redhat
redhatfreerdp-2:2.4.1-3.el9_0.72026-05-12redhat
redhatfreerdp-2:2.4.1-6.el9_2.92026-05-12redhat
redhatfreerdp-2:2.11.7-9.el8_102026-05-11redhat
redhatfreerdp-2:3.10.3-5.el10_1.82026-05-11redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
freerdp22.10.0+dfsg1-1 ... 2.9.0+dfsg1-1~bpo11+1 (32 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
freerdp22.10.0+dfsg1-1 ... 2.11.7+dfsg1-6~deb12u1 (13 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
freerdp33.15.0+dfsg-2.1, 3.15.0+dfsg-2.1+deb13u1
  • every version up to 3.15.0+dfsg-2.1+deb13u2: fixed in 3.15.0+dfsg-2.1+deb13u2
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
freerdp33.15.0+dfsg-2.1 ... 3.23.0+dfsg-1~bpo13+1 (21 versions)
  • every version up to 3.24.0+dfsg-1: fixed in 3.24.0+dfsg-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(1)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 22× in last 7d / 70× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 96 of 171 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 4 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 75 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-30 09:58 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-30 09:58 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  4. 2026-10-29 09:08 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-29 09:08 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  7. 2026-10-28 08:16 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-28 08:16 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  10. 2026-10-27 07:14 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-27 07:14 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  13. 2026-10-26 03:18 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-26 03:18 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  16. 2026-10-25 14:36 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-25 02:25 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-25 02:25 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  20. 2026-10-24 01:36 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-24 01:36 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  23. 2026-10-23 00:45 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-23 00:45 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
Show 71 more
  1. 2026-10-21 23:54 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-21 23:54 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  4. 2026-10-20 23:05 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-20 23:05 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  7. 2026-10-19 22:15 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-19 22:15 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  10. 2026-10-18 21:03 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-18 21:03 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  13. 2026-10-18 03:48 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-17 20:12 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-17 20:12 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  17. 2026-10-16 19:20 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-16 19:20 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-10-16 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  20. 2026-10-15 16:55 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-15 16:55 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  23. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  24. 2026-10-14 10:50 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-14 10:50 UTCVendor advisory
  26. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  27. 2026-10-13 09:32 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-10-13 09:32 UTCVendor advisory
  29. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  30. 2026-10-12 16:14 UTCEG score recompute
  31. 2026-10-12 08:34 UTCVendor advisory
  32. 2026-10-11 19:57 UTCEG score recompute
  33. 2026-10-11 17:10 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-10-11 14:38 UTCEG score recompute
  35. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  36. 2026-10-11 11:16 UTCOSV refresh
  37. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  38. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  39. 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  40. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  41. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  42. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  43. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  44. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  45. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  46. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  47. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  48. 2026-09-26 00:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  49. 2026-09-21 23:45 UTCOSV refresh
  50. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  51. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  52. 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  53. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  54. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  55. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  56. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  57. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  58. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  59. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  60. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  61. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  62. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  63. 2026-09-02 19:10 UTCOSV refresh
  64. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  65. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  66. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  67. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  68. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  69. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  70. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  71. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile

Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-31885?
CVE-2026-31885 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on March 13, 2026. FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to 3.24.0, there is an out-of-bounds read in MS-ADPCM and IMA-ADPCM decoders due to unchecked predictor and step_index values from input data. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.24.0.
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-31885 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-31885 was published on March 13, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of June 17, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-31885 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-31885 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.3% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (19th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-31885?
CVE-2026-31885 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.4 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-31885?
A fix for CVE-2026-31885 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-31885 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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