CVE-2026-25997

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.7% (51st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekElevated

Also known asEUVD-2026-8737 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.7%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to version 3.23.0, xf_clipboard_format_equal reads freed lastSentFormats memory because xf_clipboard_formats_free (called from the cliprdr channel thread during auto-reconnect) frees the array while the X11 event thread concurrently iterates it in xf_clipboard_changed, triggering a heap use after free. Version 3.23.0 fixes the issue.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
75
EG Risk 75/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.7%
EPSS %ILE
51st
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.7% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-29). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

February 25, 2026

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Advisory Details (9)

Auto-updated Oct 17, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)🟡 PoC Available

Heap-use-after-free in xf_clipboard_format_equal · Advisory · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advisories/GHSA-q5j3-m6jf-3jq4
GitHub commit

commit 58409406afe7 (FreeRDP/FreeRDP)

Fix landed in FreeRDP/FreeRDP commit 58409406afe7 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/commit/58409406afe7c2a8a71ed2dc8e22075be4f41c0c
Web page

FreeRDP/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c at 5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c#L868-L875
Web page

FreeRDP/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c at 5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c#L851-L855
Web page

FreeRDP/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c at 5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c#L831
Web page

FreeRDP/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c at 5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c#L616
Web page

FreeRDP/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c at 5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c#L265
Web page

FreeRDP/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c at 5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c#L1889
Web page

FreeRDP/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c at 5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c#L1884

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-25997(3)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(4)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntuwinpr3-utils (3.16.0+dfsg-2ubuntu0.3) @ questing2026-10-30ubuntu
redhatfreerdp-2:3.10.3-3.el10_0.72026-05-26redhat
redhatfreerdp-2:3.10.3-12.el10_2.52026-05-19redhat
redhatfreerdp-2:3.10.3-5.el10_1.82026-05-11redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
freerdp22.10.0+dfsg1-1 ... 2.9.0+dfsg1-1~bpo11+1 (32 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
freerdp22.10.0+dfsg1-1 ... 2.11.7+dfsg1-6~deb12u1 (13 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
freerdp33.15.0+dfsg-2.1
  • every version up to 3.15.0+dfsg-2.1+deb13u1: fixed in 3.15.0+dfsg-2.1+deb13u1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
freerdp33.15.0+dfsg-2.1 ... 3.23.0+dfsg-1~bpo13+1 (20 versions)
  • every version up to 3.23.0+dfsg-1: fixed in 3.23.0+dfsg-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(1)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 23× in last 7d / 71× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 99 of 158 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 1 repeat row among the latest 100 is merged into the row it repeats. The 59 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-30 13:10 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-30 13:10 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  4. 2026-10-29 14:58 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-10-28 16:46 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-28 16:46 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  8. 2026-10-27 18:30 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-27 18:30 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
  11. 2026-10-26 20:18 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-26 20:18 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
  14. 2026-10-25 20:13 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-25 20:13 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
  17. 2026-10-25 14:39 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-24 22:00 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-24 22:00 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  21. 2026-10-23 23:49 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-23 23:49 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  24. 2026-10-23 01:32 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-23 01:32 UTCVendor advisory
Show 74 more
  1. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 59th percentile
  2. 2026-10-22 02:54 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-22 02:54 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 59th percentile
  5. 2026-10-21 04:42 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-21 04:42 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-10-20 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 59th percentile
  8. 2026-10-20 06:30 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-20 06:30 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 59th percentile
  11. 2026-10-19 08:15 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-19 08:15 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-10-18 09:51 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-10-18 03:52 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 59th percentile
  16. 2026-10-17 06:25 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-17 06:25 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-10-16 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 59th percentile
  19. 2026-10-16 07:49 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-16 07:49 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 59th percentile
  22. 2026-10-15 06:49 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-15 06:49 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 59th percentile
  25. 2026-10-14 02:33 UTCEG score recompute
  26. 2026-10-14 02:33 UTCVendor advisory
  27. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  28. 2026-10-12 22:46 UTCEG score recompute
  29. 2026-10-12 22:46 UTCVendor advisory
  30. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  31. 2026-10-12 16:18 UTCEG score recompute
  32. 2026-10-12 08:56 UTCVendor advisory
  33. 2026-10-11 20:00 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-10-11 17:14 UTCEG score recompute
  35. 2026-10-11 14:45 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  37. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  38. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  39. 2026-10-09 14:28 UTCOSV refresh
  40. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  41. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  42. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  43. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  44. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  45. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  46. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  47. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  48. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  49. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  50. 2026-09-26 00:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  51. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  52. 2026-09-19 21:52 UTCOSV refresh
  53. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  54. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  55. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  56. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  57. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  58. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  59. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  60. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  61. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  62. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  63. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  64. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  65. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  66. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  67. 2026-09-01 01:34 UTCOSV refresh
  68. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  69. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  70. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  71. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  72. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  73. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile
  74. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 44th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-25997?
CVE-2026-25997 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on February 25, 2026. FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to version 3.23.0, xfclipboardformatequal reads freed lastSentFormats memory because xfclipboardformatsfree (called from the cliprdr channel thread during auto-reconnect) frees the array while the X11 event thread concurrently…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-25997 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-25997 was published on February 25, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of June 17, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-25997 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-25997 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.7% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (51st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-25997?
CVE-2026-25997 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-25997?
A fix for CVE-2026-25997 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-25997 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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