CVE-2026-25997

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.6%, top 56% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
Elevated
9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: Elevated riskExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to version 3.23.0, xf_clipboard_format_equal reads freed lastSentFormats memory because xf_clipboard_formats_free (called from the cliprdr channel thread during auto-reconnect) frees the array while the X11 event thread concurrently iterates it in xf_clipboard_changed, triggering a heap use after free. Version 3.23.0 fixes the issue.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8(medium)
EG Risk
75(Attend)
EG Risk 75/100SSVC: Attend

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity98% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Remediate soon — notable exploitation risk.
EPSS PROB
1%
EPSS %ILE
45%
KEV
Not listed

Published

February 25, 2026

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Advisory Details (9)

Auto-updated Sep 14, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github.
github Patch Available🟡 PoC Available

Heap-use-after-free in xf_clipboard_format_equal · Advisory · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advisories/GHSA-q5j3-m6jf-3jq4
github_commit

commit 58409406afe7 (FreeRDP/FreeRDP)

Fix landed in FreeRDP/FreeRDP commit 58409406afe7 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/commit/58409406afe7c2a8a71ed2dc8e22075be4f41c0c
generic

FreeRDP/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c at 5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c#L868-L875
generic

FreeRDP/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c at 5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c#L851-L855
generic

FreeRDP/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c at 5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c#L831
generic

FreeRDP/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c at 5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c#L616
generic

FreeRDP/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c at 5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c#L265
generic

FreeRDP/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c at 5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c#L1889
generic

FreeRDP/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c at 5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_cliprdr.c#L1884

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-25997(3)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(3)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
redhatfreerdp-2:3.10.3-3.el10_0.72026-05-26redhat
redhatfreerdp-2:3.10.3-12.el10_2.52026-05-19redhat
redhatfreerdp-2:3.10.3-5.el10_1.82026-05-11redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
freerdp22.10.0+dfsg1-1 ... 2.9.0+dfsg1-1~bpo11+1 (32 versions)——
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
freerdp22.10.0+dfsg1-1 ... 2.11.7+dfsg1-6~deb12u1 (13 versions)——
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
freerdp33.15.0+dfsg-2.13.15.0+dfsg-2.1+deb13u1—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
freerdp33.15.0+dfsg-2.1 ... 3.23.0+dfsg-1~bpo13+1 (20 versions)3.23.0+dfsg-1—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(1)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 5× in last 7d / 26× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-09-01 01:34 UTCOSV refresh
  14. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 54 more
  1. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-08-14 21:11 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-08-14 13:15 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-08-14 08:59 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-08-14 08:59 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-08-13 00:59 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-08-13 00:59 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-08-11 23:55 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-08-11 23:55 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-08-11 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-08-11 06:20 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-08-11 06:20 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-08-11 00:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-08-10 13:14 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-08-10 08:45 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-08-10 02:38 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-08-09 22:21 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-08-09 18:06 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-08-09 13:49 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-08-09 13:49 UTCVendor advisory
  26. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-08-09 08:37 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-08-09 08:37 UTCVendor advisory
  29. 2026-08-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-08-08 09:28 UTCVendor advisory
  31. 2026-08-08 05:12 UTCVendor advisory
  32. 2026-08-08 00:56 UTCVendor advisory
  33. 2026-08-07 20:40 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-08-07 20:40 UTCVendor advisory
  35. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-08-06 07:15 UTCVendor advisory
  37. 2026-08-06 02:59 UTCEG score recompute
  38. 2026-08-06 02:59 UTCVendor advisory
  39. 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-08-04 15:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-08-04 05:49 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-08-04 05:49 UTCVendor advisory
  43. 2026-08-03 10:36 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-08-02 23:48 UTCVendor advisory
  45. 2026-08-02 19:32 UTCEG score recompute▲ 4.30
  46. 2026-08-02 19:32 UTCVendor advisory
  47. 2026-08-02 02:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-08-01 04:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-07-30 01:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-07-28 15:36 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-07-27 12:55 UTCEG score recompute
  53. 2026-07-27 12:55 UTCVendor advisory
  54. 2026-07-27 12:50 UTCOSV refresh

Related CVEs(same vendor + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-25997?
CVE-2026-25997 is a critical vulnerability published on February 25, 2026. FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to version 3.23.0, xfclipboardformatequal reads freed lastSentFormats memory because xfclipboardformatsfree (called from the cliprdr channel thread during auto-reconnect) frees the array while the X11 event thread concurrently…
When was CVE-2026-25997 disclosed?
CVE-2026-25997 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on February 25, 2026, with the most recent update on June 17, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2026-25997 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-25997 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 54.7% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-25997?
CVE-2026-25997 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-25997?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2026-25997, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2026-25997

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