CVE-2026-31685

CRITICALNVD 9.49.4
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.4 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2026-04-25. NVD baseline CVSS 9.4; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 4 sources updated this week
9.4EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.4%CVSS: 9.4Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets

eui64_mt6() derives a modified EUI-64 from the Ethernet source address and compares it with the low 64 bits of the IPv6 source address.

The existing guard only rejects an invalid MAC header when par->fragoff != 0. For packets with par->fragoff == 0, eui64_mt6() can still reach eth_hdr(skb) even when the MAC header is not valid.

Fix this by removing the par->fragoff != 0 condition so that packets with an invalid MAC header are rejected before accessing eth_hdr(skb).

CVSS v3
9.4
EG Score
9.4CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
57
EG Risk 57/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity94% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.4 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.4% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.4%
EPSS %ILE
31st
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.4): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.4 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.4 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.4% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-22). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

April 25, 2026

Last Modified

October 19, 2026

Advisory Details (8)

Auto-updated Oct 2, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fdce0b3590f724540795b874b4c8850c90e6b0a8
Web page

netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/309ae3e9a51a69699ca94eac5fac5688fa562d55
Web page

netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/807d6ee15804df6f01a35c910f09612e858739a6
Web page

netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9eda5478746ef7dc0e4e537b5a5e4b0ca1027091
Web page

netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/288138418bef956f8b295751a4536c60f0e89f4a
Web page

netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d5603591373441fecf9951833d6d873e09320f08
Web page

netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d6a57411caf54df025860c9b1a82cd42d57a562
Web page

netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d75bc2cd093bf5803edf512c099bfb220fd6459

Patch Availability(31)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-tools-intel-iotg-edge (5.15.0.1106.112~20.04.1) @ focal2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-134.134+fips1) @ noble2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-fips (4.4.0.1126.128) @ xenial2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure (4.15.0.1205.220~14.04.1) @ trusty2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-6.17 (6.17.0-1021.21~24.04.1) @ noble2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fde-6.17 (6.17.0-1018.18~24.04.1) @ noble2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1063.71) @ noble2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fde-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1062.69) @ noble2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fde-6.8 (6.8.0-1062.69~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-ibm-lts-20.04 (5.4.0.1107.136) @ focal2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fips-5.15 (5.15.0.1116.101) @ jammy2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-16.04-edge (4.15.0.254.266~16.04.1) @ xenial2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-realtime-6.8 (6.8.0-2049.50) @ noble2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-lts-xenial (4.4.0.283.289) @ xenial2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual (3.13.0.215.225) @ trusty2026-10-23ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-aws-hwe (4.15.0.1195.208~16.04.1) @ xenial2026-10-23ubuntu
redhatkernel-rt-0:3.10.0-1160.155.1.rt56.1307.el72026-07-17redhat
redhatkernel-0:4.18.0-477.147.1.el8_82026-06-17redhat
redhatkernel-0:5.14.0-284.176.1.el9_22026-06-17redhat
redhatkernel-rt-0:5.14.0-284.176.1.rt14.461.el9_22026-06-17redhat
redhatkernel-0:4.18.0-305.194.1.el8_42026-06-17redhat
redhatkernel-0:4.18.0-372.195.1.el8_62026-06-12redhat
redhatkernel-0:3.10.0-1160.151.1.el72026-06-10redhat
redhatkernel-0:6.12.0-55.77.1.el10_02026-06-08redhat
redhatkernel-0:5.14.0-427.129.1.el9_42026-06-04redhat
redhatkernel-0:5.14.0-570.119.1.el9_62026-06-04redhat
redhatkernel-rt-0:4.18.0-553.126.1.rt7.467.el8_102026-05-28redhat
redhatkernel-0:4.18.0-553.126.1.el8_102026-05-28redhat
redhatkernel-0:5.14.0-687.12.1.el9_82026-05-28redhat
redhatkernel-0:6.12.0-211.18.1.el10_22026-05-28redhat
linuxKernel @ 5.10.258 (fixes >=2.6.12)—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux5.10.103-1 ... 5.10.92-2 (54 versions)
  • every version up to 5.10.259-1: fixed in 5.10.259-1
—
linux-6.16.1.106-3~deb11u1 ... 6.1.174-1~deb11u1 (20 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.176-1~deb11u1: fixed in 6.1.176-1~deb11u1
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.1.106-1 ... 6.1.99-1 (53 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.176-1: fixed in 6.1.176-1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.38-1 ... 6.12.85-1~bpo12+1 (17 versions)
  • every version up to 6.12.85-1: fixed in 6.12.85-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.19~rc8-1~exp1 (130 versions)
  • every version up to 6.19.14-1: fixed in 6.19.14-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(10)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 28× in last 7d / 73× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 96 of 479 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 4 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 383 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  2. 2026-10-23 00:18 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-23 00:18 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-10-23 00:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  5. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  6. 2026-10-21 22:41 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-21 22:41 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-10-21 22:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  9. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  10. 2026-10-20 21:05 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-20 21:05 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-20 21:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  13. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  14. 2026-10-19 19:27 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-19 19:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  16. 2026-10-19 18:59 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-19 18:59 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-10-19 18:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  19. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  20. 2026-10-18 19:49 UTCEG score recompute
  21. 2026-10-18 19:49 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-10-18 19:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  23. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  24. 2026-10-18 03:48 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-17 18:13 UTCEG score recompute
Show 71 more
  1. 2026-10-17 18:13 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-10-17 18:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  3. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  4. 2026-10-16 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  5. 2026-10-16 16:36 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-16 16:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  7. 2026-10-16 16:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  8. 2026-10-16 15:30 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-16 15:30 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-10-16 15:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  11. 2026-10-16 04:30 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-16 04:30 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-10-16 04:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  14. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  15. 2026-10-15 02:30 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-10-15 02:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  17. 2026-10-15 01:33 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-15 01:33 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-10-15 01:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  20. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
  21. 2026-10-14 11:49 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-14 11:49 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-10-14 11:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  24. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
  25. 2026-10-13 10:13 UTCEG score recompute
  26. 2026-10-13 10:13 UTCVendor advisory
  27. 2026-10-13 10:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  28. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
  29. 2026-10-12 16:15 UTCEG score recompute
  30. 2026-10-12 08:36 UTCVendor advisory
  31. 2026-10-12 08:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf2p-g3jq-w2mx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.4
  32. 2026-10-11 19:57 UTCEG score recompute
  33. 2026-10-11 17:10 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-10-11 14:39 UTCEG score recompute
  35. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
  36. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
  37. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
  38. 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
  39. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 25th percentile
  40. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 48th percentile
  41. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 48th percentile
  42. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  43. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  44. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  45. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  46. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  47. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  48. 2026-09-26 00:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  49. 2026-09-23 08:23 UTCOSV refresh
  50. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 27th percentile
  51. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 27th percentile
  52. 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 27th percentile
  53. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 27th percentile
  54. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 26th percentile
  55. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 26th percentile
  56. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 26th percentile
  57. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 26th percentile
  58. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 26th percentile
  59. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 26th percentile
  60. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 26th percentile
  61. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 26th percentile
  62. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 26th percentile
  63. 2026-09-04 02:59 UTCOSV refresh
  64. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 26th percentile
  65. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 26th percentile
  66. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 26th percentile
  67. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 26th percentile
  68. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 26th percentile
  69. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 26th percentile
  70. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 26th percentile
  71. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 26th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-31685?
CVE-2026-31685 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on April 25, 2026. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: ip6t_eui64: reject invalid MAC header for all packets eui64_mt6() derives a modified EUI-64 from the Ethernet source address and compares it with the low 64 bits of the IPv6 source address. The existing guard only…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-31685 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-31685 was published on April 25, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 19, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-31685 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-31685 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.4% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (31st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-31685?
CVE-2026-31685 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.4 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-31685?
A fix for CVE-2026-31685 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-31685 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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