CVE-2026-31648

HIGHNVD 7.87.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 7.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-04-24. NVD baseline CVSS 7.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 4 sources updated this week

Also known asEUVD-2026-25541 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-5fqc-9jpf-8wjm (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.1%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

mm: filemap: fix nr_pages calculation overflow in filemap_map_pages()

When running stress-ng on my Arm64 machine with v7.0-rc3 kernel, I encountered some very strange crash issues showing up as "Bad page state":

" [ 734.496287] BUG: Bad page state in process stress-ng-env pfn:415735fb [ 734.496427] page: refcount:0 mapcount:1 mapping:0000000000000000 index:0x4cf316 pfn:0x415735fb [ 734.496434] flags: 0x57fffe000000800(owner_2|node=1|zone=2|lastcpupid=0x3ffff) [ 734.496439] raw: 057fffe000000800 0000000000000000 dead000000000122 0000000000000000 [ 734.496440] raw: 00000000004cf316 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 0000000000000000 [ 734.496442] page dumped because: nonzero mapcount "

After analyzing this page’s state, it is hard to understand why the mapcount is not 0 while the refcount is 0, since this page is not where the issue first occurred. By enabling the CONFIG_DEBUG_VM config, I can reproduce the crash as well and captured the first warning where the issue appears:

" [ 734.469226] page: refcount:33 mapcount:0 mapping:00000000bef2d187 index:0x81a0 pfn:0x415735c0 [ 734.469304] head: order:5 mapcount:0 entire_mapcount:0 nr_pages_mapped:0 pincount:0 [ 734.469315] memcg:ffff000807a8ec00 [ 734.469320] aops:ext4_da_aops ino:100b6f dentry name(?):"stress-ng-mmaptorture-9397-0-2736200540" [ 734.469335] flags: 0x57fffe400000069(locked|uptodate|lru|head|node=1|zone=2|lastcpupid=0x3ffff) ...... [ 734.469364] page dumped because: VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO((_Generic((page + nr_pages - 1), const struct page *: (const struct folio *)_compound_head(page + nr_pages - 1), struct page *: (struct folio *)_compound_head(page + nr_pages - 1))) != folio) [ 734.469390] ------------[ cut here ]------------ [ 734.469393] WARNING: ./include/linux/rmap.h:351 at folio_add_file_rmap_ptes+0x3b8/0x468, CPU#90: stress-ng-mlock/9430 [ 734.469551] folio_add_file_rmap_ptes+0x3b8/0x468 (P) [ 734.469555] set_pte_range+0xd8/0x2f8 [ 734.469566] filemap_map_folio_range+0x190/0x400 [ 734.469579] filemap_map_pages+0x348/0x638 [ 734.469583] do_fault_around+0x140/0x198 ...... [ 734.469640] el0t_64_sync+0x184/0x188 "

The code that triggers the warning is: "VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(page_folio(page + nr_pages - 1) != folio, folio)", which indicates that set_pte_range() tried to map beyond the large folio’s size.

By adding more debug information, I found that 'nr_pages' had overflowed in filemap_map_pages(), causing set_pte_range() to establish mappings for a range exceeding the folio size, potentially corrupting fields of pages that do not belong to this folio (e.g., page->_mapcount).

After above analysis, I think the possible race is as follows:

CPU 0 CPU 1 filemap_map_pages() ext4_setattr() //get and lock folio with old inode->i_size next_uptodate_folio()

....... //shrink the inode->i_size i_size_write(inode, attr->ia_size);

//calculate the end_pgoff with the new inode->i_size file_end = DIV_ROUND_UP(i_size_read(mapping->host), PAGE_SIZE) - 1; end_pgoff = min(end_pgoff, file_end);

...... //nr_pages can be overflowed, cause xas.xa_index > end_pgoff end = folio_next_index(folio) - 1; nr_pages = min(end, end_pgoff) - xas.xa_index + 1;

...... //map large folio filemap_map_folio_range() ...... //truncate folios truncate_pagecache(inode, inode->i_size);

To fix this issue, move the 'end_pgoff' calculation before next_uptodate_folio(), so the retrieved folio stays consistent with the file end to avoid ---truncated---

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
7.8HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
35
EG Risk 35/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity78% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.1% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.1%
EPSS %ILE
1st
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.1% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-27). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

April 24, 2026

Last Modified

October 19, 2026

Advisory Details (5)

Auto-updated Jun 4, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

mm: filemap: fix nr_pages calculation overflow in filemap_map_pages() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f58df566524ebcdfa394329c64f47e3c9257516e
Web page

mm: filemap: fix nr_pages calculation overflow in filemap_map_pages() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9316a820b9aae07d44469d6485376dad824c5b3f
Web page

mm: filemap: fix nr_pages calculation overflow in filemap_map_pages() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/88591194df736a508dd5461ab2167a61e98caac1
Web page

mm: filemap: fix nr_pages calculation overflow in filemap_map_pages() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/633ab680c405ac390e6bec5b74aaf46197c837b6
Web page

mm: filemap: fix nr_pages calculation overflow in filemap_map_pages() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/576543bedd616254032d4ebe54a90076f9e31740

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-31648(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(15)

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(3 across 3 ecosystems)
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.1.106-1 ... 7.2~rc7-1~exp1 (358 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.38-1 ... 6.12.85-1~bpo12+1 (17 versions)
  • every version up to 6.12.85-1: fixed in 6.12.85-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.19~rc8-1~exp1 (128 versions)
  • every version up to 6.19.13-1: fixed in 6.19.13-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(14)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 48× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 95 of 304 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 5 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 209 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  2. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  3. 2026-10-27 17:23 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-27 17:23 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-10-27 17:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-5fqc-9jpf-8wjm · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  6. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  7. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  8. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  9. 2026-10-25 14:36 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  11. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  12. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  13. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  14. 2026-10-19 19:36 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-19 19:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-5fqc-9jpf-8wjm · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  16. 2026-10-19 19:00 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-19 19:00 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-10-19 19:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-5fqc-9jpf-8wjm · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  19. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  20. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  21. 2026-10-18 03:48 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  23. 2026-10-16 17:01 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-16 17:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-5fqc-9jpf-8wjm · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  25. 2026-10-16 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
Show 70 more
  1. 2026-10-16 15:35 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-16 15:35 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-10-16 15:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-5fqc-9jpf-8wjm · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  4. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  5. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  6. 2026-10-13 22:24 UTCOSV refresh
  7. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  8. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  9. 2026-10-12 16:15 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-11 19:57 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-11 17:10 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-11 14:39 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  14. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  15. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  16. 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  17. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  18. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  19. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  20. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  21. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  22. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  23. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  24. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  25. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  26. 2026-09-26 00:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  27. 2026-09-23 08:23 UTCOSV refresh
  28. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  29. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  30. 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  31. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  32. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  33. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  34. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  35. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  36. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  37. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  38. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  39. 2026-09-04 03:16 UTCOSV refresh
  40. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  41. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  42. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  43. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  44. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  45. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  46. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  47. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  48. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  49. 2026-08-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  50. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  51. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  52. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  53. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  54. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  55. 2026-08-17 14:49 UTCEG score recompute
  56. 2026-08-17 14:49 UTCVendor advisory
  57. 2026-08-17 14:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-5fqc-9jpf-8wjm · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  58. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  59. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  60. 2026-08-16 05:46 UTCEG score recompute
  61. 2026-08-16 05:46 UTCVendor advisory
  62. 2026-08-16 05:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-5fqc-9jpf-8wjm · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  63. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  64. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  65. 2026-08-14 17:02 UTCVendor advisory
  66. 2026-08-14 17:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-5fqc-9jpf-8wjm · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  67. 2026-08-14 04:07 UTCEG score recompute
  68. 2026-08-14 04:07 UTCVendor advisory
  69. 2026-08-14 04:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-5fqc-9jpf-8wjm · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  70. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-31648?
CVE-2026-31648 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on April 24, 2026. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm: filemap: fix nrpages calculation overflow in filemapmap_pages() When running stress-ng on my Arm64 machine with v7.0-rc3 kernel, I encountered some very strange crash issues showing up as "Bad page state": " [ 734.496287] BUG:…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-31648 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-31648 was published on April 24, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 19, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-31648 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-31648 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (1st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-31648?
CVE-2026-31648 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-31648?
A fix for CVE-2026-31648 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-31648 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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