CVE-2026-28684

MEDIUMNVD 6.66.6
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This medium-severity CVE scores 6.6 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.2% (7th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekElevated
6.6EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 6.6Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

python-dotenv reads key-value pairs from a .env file and can set them as environment variables. Prior to version 1.2.2, set_key() and unset_key() in python-dotenv follow symbolic links when rewriting .env files, allowing a local attacker to overwrite arbitrary files via a crafted symlink when a cross-device rename fallback is triggered. Users should upgrade to v.1.2.2 or, as a workaround, apply the patch manually.

CVSS v3
6.6
EG Score
6.6MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
46
EG Risk 46/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity66% × 45%
The EG Score, 6.6 of 10.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
7th
KEV
Not listed

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

April 20, 2026

Last Modified

April 27, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Jun 14, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github_release, github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Symlink following in set_key allows arbitrary file overwrite via cross-device rename fallback · Advisory · theskumar/python-dotenv · GitHub

https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/security/advisories/GHSA-mf9w-mj56-hr94
GitHub release Patch Available

v1.2.2

Patch available: theskumar/python-dotenv v1.2.2

https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/releases/tag/v1.2.2
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 790c5c029911 (theskumar/python-dotenv)

Patch available: theskumar/python-dotenv v1.2.2 (contains commit 790c5c029911)

https://github.com/theskumar/python-dotenv/commit/790c5c02991100aa1bf41ee5330aca75edc51311

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-28684(9)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(7)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatrhoai/odh-llama-stack-core-rhel9:17837015982026-07-21redhat
redhatmta/mta-solution-server-rhel9:17841098832026-07-21redhat
redhatrhoai/odh-trustyai-nemo-guardrails-server-rhel9:17824716062026-07-09redhat
redhatsatellite/iop-host-inventory-rhel9:17804142372026-06-16redhat
redhatrhoai/odh-vllm-gaudi-rhel9:17800690692026-06-10redhat
redhatansible-automation-platform-26/mcp-tools-rhel9:17797728772026-06-09redhat
redhatrhoai/odh-vllm-gaudi-rhel9:17786001872026-05-20redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 5 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python-dotenv0.15.0-1 ... 1.2.1-2 (9 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python-dotenv0.21.0-1, 1.0.0-1, 1.0.1-1, 1.2.1-1, 1.2.1-2
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python-dotenv1.0.1-1, 1.2.1-1, 1.2.1-2
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python-dotenv1.0.1-1, 1.2.1-1, 1.2.1-2
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
PyPI(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python-dotenv0.1.0 ... 1.2.1 (49 versions)
  • every version up to 1.2.2: fixed in 1.2.2
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 12× in last 7d / 29× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 95 of 214 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 5 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 119 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  2. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  3. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  4. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  5. 2026-10-12 16:16 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 19:58 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 17:12 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-11 14:42 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  10. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  11. 2026-10-10 18:55 UTCOSV refresh
  12. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  13. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  14. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  15. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  16. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  17. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  18. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  19. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  20. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  21. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  22. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  23. 2026-09-26 00:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  24. 2026-09-21 05:49 UTCOSV refresh
  25. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
Show 70 more
  1. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  2. 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  3. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  4. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  5. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  6. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  7. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  8. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  9. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  10. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  11. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  12. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  13. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  14. 2026-09-02 03:39 UTCOSV refresh
  15. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  16. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  17. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  18. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  19. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  20. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  21. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  22. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  23. 2026-08-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 16th percentile
  24. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  25. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  26. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  27. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  28. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  29. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  30. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  31. 2026-08-16 06:23 UTCEG score recompute
  32. 2026-08-16 06:23 UTCVendor advisory
  33. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  34. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  35. 2026-08-14 04:33 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-08-14 04:33 UTCVendor advisory
  37. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  38. 2026-08-12 22:47 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-08-12 22:47 UTCVendor advisory
  40. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  41. 2026-08-12 00:39 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-08-12 00:39 UTCVendor advisory
  43. 2026-08-11 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  44. 2026-08-11 02:30 UTCEG score recompute
  45. 2026-08-11 02:30 UTCVendor advisory
  46. 2026-08-11 00:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  47. 2026-08-10 01:56 UTCEG score recompute
  48. 2026-08-10 01:56 UTCVendor advisory
  49. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  50. 2026-08-09 03:47 UTCEG score recompute
  51. 2026-08-09 03:47 UTCVendor advisory
  52. 2026-08-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  53. 2026-08-07 19:32 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-08-07 19:32 UTCVendor advisory
  55. 2026-08-06 21:23 UTCEG score recompute
  56. 2026-08-06 21:23 UTCVendor advisory
  57. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  58. 2026-08-05 23:14 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-08-05 23:14 UTCVendor advisory
  60. 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  61. 2026-08-04 15:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  62. 2026-08-03 21:26 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-08-03 21:26 UTCVendor advisory
  64. 2026-08-03 10:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  65. 2026-08-02 12:55 UTCEG score recompute
  66. 2026-08-02 12:55 UTCVendor advisory
  67. 2026-08-02 02:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  68. 2026-08-01 04:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  69. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  70. 2026-07-30 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile

Related CVEs(same vendor + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-28684?
CVE-2026-28684 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on April 20, 2026. python-dotenv reads key-value pairs from a .env file and can set them as environment variables. Prior to version 1.2.2, setkey() and unsetkey() in python-dotenv follow symbolic links when rewriting .env files, allowing a local attacker to overwrite arbitrary files via a crafted symlink when a…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-28684 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-28684 was published on April 20, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of April 27, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-28684 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-28684 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (7th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-28684?
CVE-2026-28684 has a CVSS v3 base score of 6.6 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-28684?
A fix for CVE-2026-28684 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-28684 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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