CVE-2026-28529

HIGHNVD 7.87.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 7.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-03-25. NVD baseline CVSS 7.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekElevated

Also known asEUVD-2026-15408 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-vgx9-cpq5-rx9p (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationNo release containing the referenced fix is confirmed: check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is referenced (a reference tagged "Patch", often a source commit), but no release containing it is confirmed — find the release that contains it; until it is applied, mitigate (WAF / firewall / segmentation).

cryptodev-linux version 1.14 and prior contain a page reference handling flaw in the get_userbuf function of the /dev/crypto device driver that allows local users to trigger use-after-free conditions. Attackers with access to the /dev/crypto interface can repeatedly decrement reference counts of controlled pages to achieve local privilege escalation.

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
7.8HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
51
EG Risk 51/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity78% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is referenced, but no release containing it is confirmed. Check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
7th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-30). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says. In the directive's words, “Fix on system upgrade” means that, “unless conditions change”, the vulnerability “should be remediated the next time the vulnerable asset receives a scheduled major upgrade or rebuild”: its timelines are “dynamic as facts change”, and a KEV listing shortens them.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is referenced, but no release containing it is confirmed. Check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says. In the directive's words, “Fix on system upgrade” means that, “unless conditions change”, the vulnerability “should be remediated the next time the vulnerable asset receives a scheduled major upgrade or rebuild”: its timelines are “dynamic as facts change”, and a KEV listing shortens them.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

March 25, 2026

Last Modified

August 17, 2026

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Jul 14, 2026
Fix referenced — no release confirmed yet. Sources: github_pr.
Web page

cryptodev-linux <= 1.14 get_userbuf Use After Free LPE | Advisories | VulnCheck

https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/cryptodev-linux-get-userbuf-use-after-free-lpe
Web page

[Cryptodev-linux] Page-level UAF exploitation - nasm.re

https://nasm.re/posts/cryptodev-linux-vuln/
GitHub pull request

Fix: UAF in crypto_run + limit allocation size in adjust_sg_array

Upstream fix in progress (PR #104 · cryptodev-linux/cryptodev-linux, state=open)

https://github.com/cryptodev-linux/cryptodev-linux/pull/104
Web page

LPE exploit for a bug I found in cryptodev-linux, meant to work against linux 6.15.4. It is essentially using struct file spraying to add a root user to /etc/passwd. · GitHub

https://gist.github.com/n4sm/0fd2479e0c23e0fa2f192cd8fda45750

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-28529(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 43× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 95 of 167 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 5 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 72 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-02 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  2. 2026-11-01 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  3. 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  4. 2026-10-31 11:01 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-31 11:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-vgx9-cpq5-rx9p · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  6. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  7. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  8. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  9. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  10. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  11. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  12. 2026-10-25 14:38 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  14. 2026-10-24 13:39 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-24 13:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-vgx9-cpq5-rx9p · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  16. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  17. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  18. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  19. 2026-10-20 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  20. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  21. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  22. 2026-10-18 03:50 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  24. 2026-10-17 16:15 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-17 16:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-vgx9-cpq5-rx9p · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
Show 70 more
  1. 2026-10-16 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  2. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  3. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  4. 2026-10-14 08:54 UTCOSV refresh
  5. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  6. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  7. 2026-10-12 16:16 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-11 19:58 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-11 17:12 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-11 14:42 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  12. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  13. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  14. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  15. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  16. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  17. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  18. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  19. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  20. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  21. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  22. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  23. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  24. 2026-09-26 00:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  25. 2026-09-23 13:09 UTCOSV refresh
  26. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  27. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  28. 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  29. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  30. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  31. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  32. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  33. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  34. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  35. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  36. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  37. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  38. 2026-09-04 07:46 UTCOSV refresh
  39. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  40. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  41. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  42. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  43. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  44. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  45. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  46. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  47. 2026-08-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  48. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  49. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  50. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  51. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  52. 2026-08-17 18:53 UTCEG score recompute▼ 0.70
  53. 2026-08-17 18:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-vgx9-cpq5-rx9p · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  54. 2026-08-17 18:05 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 7.8
  55. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  56. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  57. 2026-08-16 10:23 UTCEG score recompute
  58. 2026-08-16 10:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-vgx9-cpq5-rx9p · GitHub severity HIGH
  59. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  60. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  61. 2026-08-14 19:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-vgx9-cpq5-rx9p · GitHub severity HIGH
  62. 2026-08-14 06:42 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-08-14 06:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-vgx9-cpq5-rx9p · GitHub severity HIGH
  64. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  65. 2026-08-12 20:57 UTCEG score recompute
  66. 2026-08-12 20:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-vgx9-cpq5-rx9p · GitHub severity HIGH
  67. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  68. 2026-08-11 21:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-vgx9-cpq5-rx9p · GitHub severity HIGH
  69. 2026-08-11 04:03 UTCEG score recompute
  70. 2026-08-11 04:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-vgx9-cpq5-rx9p · GitHub severity HIGH

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-28529?
CVE-2026-28529 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on March 25, 2026. cryptodev-linux version 1.14 and prior contain a page reference handling flaw in the get_userbuf function of the /dev/crypto device driver that allows local users to trigger use-after-free conditions. Attackers with access to the /dev/crypto interface can repeatedly decrement reference counts of…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-28529 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-28529 was published on March 25, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of August 17, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-28529 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-28529 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (7th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-28529?
CVE-2026-28529 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-28529?
A fix for CVE-2026-28529 is referenced (a reference tagged "Patch", often a source commit), but EchelonGraph has no release containing it on record. Check that reference and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains the fix and update to it; until then, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-28529 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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