CVE-2026-28421

HIGHNVD 7.87.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This high-severity CVE scores 7.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.2% (8th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 3 sources updated this week
7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Versions prior to 9.2.0077 have a heap-buffer-overflow and a segmentation fault (SEGV) exist in Vim's swap file recovery logic. Both are caused by unvalidated fields read from crafted pointer blocks within a swap file. Version 9.2.0077 fixes the issue.

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
7.8HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
35
EG Risk 35/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity78% × 45%
The EG Score, 7.8 of 10.
Exploitation0.2% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
8th
KEV
Not listed

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

February 27, 2026

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Aug 2, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github.
Web page

oss-security - [vim-security] Multiple Vulnerabilities in Swap File Recovery affect Vim < 9.2.0077

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/02/27/10
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Multiple Vulnerabilities in Swap File Recovery affect Vim < 9.2.0077 · Advisory · vim/vim · GitHub

https://github.com/vim/vim/security/advisories/GHSA-r2gw-2x48-jj5p
GitHub commit

commit 65c1a143c331 (vim/vim)

Fix landed in vim/vim commit 65c1a143c331 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/65c1a143c331c886dc28

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-28421(20)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(30)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntuvim-tiny (2:7.4.1689-3ubuntu1.5+esm29) @ xenial2026-06-12ubuntu
redhatrhaiis/model-opt-cuda-rhel9:17806819842026-06-10redhat
redhatrhcos-417.94.202605112123-02026-05-20redhat
redhatrhcos-415.92.202605060220-02026-05-13redhat
redhatrhcos-414.92.202605060243-02026-05-13redhat
redhatrhaiis/vllm-spyre-rhel9:17782445462026-05-12redhat
redhatrhaiis/model-opt-cuda-rhel9:17782445592026-05-11redhat
redhatrhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9:17782445312026-05-11redhat
redhatrhcos-412.86.202604281506-02026-05-08redhat
redhatrhcos-416.94.202604211449-02026-04-30redhat
redhatrhui5/rhua-tp-rhel9:17774595042026-04-29redhat
redhatrhui5/rhua-rhel9:17768688422026-04-23redhat
redhatinsights-proxy/insights-proxy-container-rhel9:17768689612026-04-22redhat
redhatrhcos-418.94.202604140044-02026-04-22redhat
redhatrhcos-413.92.202604080111-02026-04-16redhat
redhatrhcos-4.19.9.6.202604080618-02026-04-16redhat
redhatvim-2:8.2.2637-23.el9_7.22026-04-15redhat
redhatvim-2:9.1.083-6.el10_1.32026-04-13redhat
redhatrhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9:17757405632026-04-09redhat
redhatvim-2:8.0.1763-22.el8_10.12026-04-07redhat
redhatvim-2:8.0.1763-20.el8_8.12026-04-07redhat
redhatvim-2:8.0.1763-15.el8_4.12026-04-07redhat
redhatvim-2:8.0.1763-13.el8_2.12026-04-07redhat
redhatvim-2:8.0.1763-19.el8_6.52026-04-07redhat
redhatvim-2:8.2.2637-16.el9_0.42026-04-06redhat
redhatvim-2:8.2.2637-20.el9_2.12026-04-06redhat
redhatvim-2:7.4.629-8.el7_9.12026-04-06redhat
redhatvim-2:8.2.2637-22.el9_6.22026-04-02redhat
redhatvim-2:8.2.2637-20.el9_4.22026-04-02redhat
redhatvim-2:9.1.083-5.el10_0.22026-04-02redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 5 ecosystems)
Alpine:v3.23(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
vim—
  • every version up to 9.2.0078-r0: fixed in 9.2.0078-r0
—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
vim2:8.2.2434-3 ... 2:9.2.0858-1 (63 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
vim2:9.0.1378-2 ... 2:9.2.0858-1 (45 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
vim2:9.1.1230-2 ... 2:9.2.0858-1 (19 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
vim2:9.1.1230-2 ... 2:9.1.2141-1 (8 versions)
  • every version up to 2:9.2.0119-1: fixed in 2:9.2.0119-1
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(11)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 12× in last 7d / 29× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 95 of 200 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 5 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 105 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  2. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  3. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  4. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  5. 2026-10-12 16:16 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-10-11 19:59 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-10-11 17:12 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-11 14:42 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  10. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  11. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  12. 2026-10-09 05:58 UTCOSV refresh
  13. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  14. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  15. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  16. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  17. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  18. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  19. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  20. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  21. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  22. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  23. 2026-09-26 00:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  24. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  25. 2026-09-19 13:02 UTCOSV refresh
Show 70 more
  1. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  2. 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  3. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  4. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  5. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  6. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  7. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  8. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  9. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  10. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  11. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  12. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  13. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  14. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  15. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  16. 2026-08-31 16:34 UTCOSV refresh
  17. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  18. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  19. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  20. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  21. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  22. 2026-08-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  23. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  24. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  25. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  26. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  27. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  28. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  29. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  30. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  31. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  32. 2026-08-14 21:07 UTCVendor advisory
  33. 2026-08-14 08:48 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-08-14 08:48 UTCVendor advisory
  35. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  36. 2026-08-13 00:45 UTCEG score recompute
  37. 2026-08-13 00:45 UTCVendor advisory
  38. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  39. 2026-08-11 23:32 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-08-11 23:32 UTCVendor advisory
  41. 2026-08-11 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  42. 2026-08-11 06:07 UTCEG score recompute
  43. 2026-08-11 06:07 UTCVendor advisory
  44. 2026-08-11 00:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  45. 2026-08-10 08:24 UTCVendor advisory
  46. 2026-08-09 19:30 UTCEG score recompute
  47. 2026-08-09 19:30 UTCVendor advisory
  48. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  49. 2026-08-09 08:26 UTCEG score recompute
  50. 2026-08-09 08:26 UTCVendor advisory
  51. 2026-08-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  52. 2026-08-08 07:29 UTCVendor advisory
  53. 2026-08-07 20:25 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-08-07 20:25 UTCVendor advisory
  55. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  56. 2026-08-06 02:53 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-08-06 02:53 UTCVendor advisory
  58. 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  59. 2026-08-04 15:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  60. 2026-08-04 04:51 UTCEG score recompute
  61. 2026-08-04 04:51 UTCVendor advisory
  62. 2026-08-03 10:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  63. 2026-08-02 19:19 UTCEG score recompute▲ 2.50
  64. 2026-08-02 19:19 UTCVendor advisory
  65. 2026-08-02 02:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  66. 2026-08-01 04:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  67. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  68. 2026-07-30 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  69. 2026-07-28 15:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  70. 2026-07-26 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile

Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-28421?
CVE-2026-28421 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on February 27, 2026. Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Versions prior to 9.2.0077 have a heap-buffer-overflow and a segmentation fault (SEGV) exist in Vim's swap file recovery logic. Both are caused by unvalidated fields read from crafted pointer blocks within a swap file. Version 9.2.0077 fixes the…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-28421 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-28421 was published on February 27, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of June 17, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-28421 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-28421 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (8th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-28421?
CVE-2026-28421 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-28421?
A fix for CVE-2026-28421 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-28421 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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