CVE-2026-23391

HIGHPre-NVD 7.87.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 7.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-03-25. A secondary CVSS source baseline 7.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Trending — 4 sources updated this week
7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.1%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

netfilter: xt_CT: drop pending enqueued packets on template removal

Templates refer to objects that can go away while packets are sitting in nfqueue refer to:

  • helper, this can be an issue on module removal.
  • timeout policy, nfnetlink_cttimeout might remove it.

The use of templates with zone and event cache filter are safe, since this just copies values.

Flush these enqueued packets in case the template rule gets removed.

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
7.8HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
35
EG Risk 35/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity78% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.1% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.1%
EPSS %ILE
2nd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.1% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-19). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

March 25, 2026

Last Modified

October 19, 2026

Advisory Details (8)

Auto-updated Jun 10, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

netfilter: xt_CT: drop pending enqueued packets on template removal - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f62a218a946b19bb59abdd5361da85fa4606b96b
Web page

netfilter: xt_CT: drop pending enqueued packets on template removal - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d2d0bae0c9a2a17b6990a2966f5cdce0813d6256
Web page

netfilter: xt_CT: drop pending enqueued packets on template removal - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cc57506dd66555899560b9c0f24e813f034e12ec
Web page

netfilter: xt_CT: drop pending enqueued packets on template removal - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cb549925875fa06dd155e49db4ac2c5044c30f9c
Web page

netfilter: xt_CT: drop pending enqueued packets on template removal - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/777d02efe3d630cca4c1b63962cec17c57711325
Web page

netfilter: xt_CT: drop pending enqueued packets on template removal - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/63b8097cea1923fe82cd598068d0796da8c015ec
Web page

netfilter: xt_CT: drop pending enqueued packets on template removal - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/55445134d42b84cb0a272e42c98d233ca65eca83
Web page

netfilter: xt_CT: drop pending enqueued packets on template removal - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/19a230dec6bb8928e3f96387f9085cf2c79bcef9

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-23391(2)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(30)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-edge (6.8.0-1058.61~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fips-5.15 (5.15.0.1117.102) @ jammy2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-1064.72+fips1) @ noble2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-1063.71+fips2) @ noble2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-tegra-rt-5.15 (5.15.0.1064.66~20.04.1) @ focal2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fde-6.8 (6.8.0-1062.69~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-aws-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1061.64+1) @ noble2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fde-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1062.69) @ noble2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-nolpae (5.15.0.1106.104) @ jammy2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulowlatency (5.15.0-25) @ jammy2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-intel-iotg-5.15 (5.15.0.1107.106) @ jammy2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-lowlatency-5.15 (5.15.0.1107.107) @ jammy2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-22.04-edge (6.8.0-136.136~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-6.8 (6.8.0-136.136) @ noble2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp-tools-5.15.0-1075 (5.15.0-1075.79) @ jammy2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-lts-22.04 (5.15.0.1109.105) @ jammy2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp (6.8.0.1033.34) @ noble2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-intel-iot-realtime-5.15 (5.15.0.1104.108) @ jammy2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1063.71) @ noble2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1058.61) @ noble2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-aws-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-1061.64+fips1) @ noble2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-realtime-6.8 (6.8.0-2050.52) @ noble2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8 (6.8.0-1059.62.1) @ noble2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fde-lts-22.04 (5.15.0.1117.126) @ jammy2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-edge (5.15.0.1109.115~20.04.1) @ focal2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-edge (5.15.0.1112.122~20.04.1) @ focal2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-tegra-rt-5.15 (5.15.0.1064.64) @ jammy2026-10-19ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-ibm-edge (5.15.0.1106.110~20.04.1) @ focal2026-10-19ubuntu
linuxKernel @ 5.10.253 (fixes >=3.4.0)—osv
linuxKernel @ 6.1.167 (fixes >=3.4.0)—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux5.10.103-1 ... 5.10.92-2 (53 versions)
  • every version up to 5.10.257-1: fixed in 5.10.257-1
—
linux-6.16.1.106-3~deb11u1 ... 6.1.164-1~deb11u1 (16 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.170-1~deb11u1: fixed in 6.1.170-1~deb11u1
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.1.106-1 ... 6.1.99-1 (48 versions)
  • every version up to 6.1.170-1: fixed in 6.1.170-1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.38-1 ... 6.12.85-1~bpo12+1 (17 versions)
  • every version up to 6.12.85-1: fixed in 6.12.85-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.19~rc8-1~exp1 (123 versions)
  • every version up to 6.19.10-1: fixed in 6.19.10-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(24)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 22× in last 7d / 43× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 99 of 268 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 1 repeat row among the latest 100 is merged into the row it repeats. The 169 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-19 19:35 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-19 19:35 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-10-19 19:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-qqcv-h6xq-mw7q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  4. 2026-10-19 18:49 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-19 18:49 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-19 18:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-qqcv-h6xq-mw7q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  7. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  8. 2026-10-18 03:54 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  10. 2026-10-16 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  11. 2026-10-16 15:22 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-16 15:22 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-10-16 15:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-qqcv-h6xq-mw7q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  14. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  15. 2026-10-15 02:37 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-15 02:37 UTCVendor advisory
  17. 2026-10-15 02:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-qqcv-h6xq-mw7q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  18. 2026-10-15 01:40 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-15 01:40 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-15 01:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-qqcv-h6xq-mw7q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  21. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  22. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  23. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  24. 2026-10-12 16:21 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-11 20:03 UTCEG score recompute
Show 74 more
  1. 2026-10-11 17:16 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-11 14:48 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  4. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  5. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  6. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  7. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  8. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  9. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  10. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  11. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  12. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  13. 2026-09-28 00:49 UTCOSV refresh
  14. 2026-09-27 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  15. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  16. 2026-09-26 00:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  17. 2026-09-24 14:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  18. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  19. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  20. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  21. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  22. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  23. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  24. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  25. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  26. 2026-09-08 09:15 UTCEG score recompute
  27. 2026-09-08 09:15 UTCVendor advisory
  28. 2026-09-08 09:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-qqcv-h6xq-mw7q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  29. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  30. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  31. 2026-09-02 15:01 UTCOSV refresh
  32. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  33. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  34. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  35. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  36. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  37. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  38. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  39. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  40. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  41. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  42. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  43. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  44. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  45. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  46. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  47. 2026-08-16 10:23 UTCEG score recompute
  48. 2026-08-16 10:23 UTCVendor advisory
  49. 2026-08-16 10:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-qqcv-h6xq-mw7q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  50. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  51. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  52. 2026-08-14 19:34 UTCVendor advisory
  53. 2026-08-14 19:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-qqcv-h6xq-mw7q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  54. 2026-08-14 06:42 UTCEG score recompute
  55. 2026-08-14 06:42 UTCVendor advisory
  56. 2026-08-14 06:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-qqcv-h6xq-mw7q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  57. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  58. 2026-08-12 20:58 UTCEG score recompute
  59. 2026-08-12 20:58 UTCVendor advisory
  60. 2026-08-12 20:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-qqcv-h6xq-mw7q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  61. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  62. 2026-08-11 21:00 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-08-11 21:00 UTCVendor advisory
  64. 2026-08-11 21:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-qqcv-h6xq-mw7q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  65. 2026-08-11 13:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  66. 2026-08-11 04:04 UTCEG score recompute
  67. 2026-08-11 04:04 UTCVendor advisory
  68. 2026-08-11 04:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-qqcv-h6xq-mw7q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  69. 2026-08-11 00:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  70. 2026-08-10 05:10 UTCVendor advisory
  71. 2026-08-10 05:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-qqcv-h6xq-mw7q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  72. 2026-08-09 17:43 UTCEG score recompute
  73. 2026-08-09 17:43 UTCVendor advisory
  74. 2026-08-09 17:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-qqcv-h6xq-mw7q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-23391?
CVE-2026-23391 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on March 25, 2026. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: xt_CT: drop pending enqueued packets on template removal Templates refer to objects that can go away while packets are sitting in nfqueue refer to: helper, this can be an issue on module removal. timeout policy,…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-23391 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-23391 was published on March 25, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 19, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-23391 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-23391 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (2nd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-23391?
CVE-2026-23391 has a CVSS base score of 7.8 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-23391?
A fix for CVE-2026-23391 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-23391 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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