CVE-2025-9961

HIGHPre-NVD 8.68.6—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This high-severity CVE scores 8.6 under a secondary CVSS source (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit probability: 9.8%, top 5% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, secondary
Elevated
8.6EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 10.0%CVSS: 8.6Exploit: Elevated riskExposed services: Not assessed

No fix is confirmed yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for the fix.

An authenticated attacker may remotely execute arbitrary code via the CWMP binary on the devices AX10 and AX1500. 

The exploit can only be conducted via a Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attack. 

This issue affects AX10 V1/V1.2/V2/V2.6/V3/V3.6: before 1.2.1; AX1500 V1/V1.20/V1.26/V1.60/V1.80/V2.60/V3.6: before 1.3.11.

CVSS v3
8.6
EG Score
8.6HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
55
EG Risk 55/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity86% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
EPSS PROB
10.0%
EPSS %ILE
95th
KEV
Not listed

Published

September 6, 2025

Last Modified

September 26, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Aug 17, 2026
No fix on record yet.
generic

Statement on Authenticated RCE by CWMP binary (CVE-2025-9961) | TP-Link

https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/faq/4647/
generic

Download for Archer AX1500 | TP-Link

https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/download/archer-ax1500/
generic

Download for Archer AX10 | TP-Link

https://www.tp-link.com/us/support/download/archer-ax10/

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 6× in last 7d / 20× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 159 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescore
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  10. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-09-26 00:29 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-09-26 00:29 UTCGHSA enrichment
  14. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescore
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  27. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
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  30. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-07-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-07-23 14:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-07-23 03:04 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-07-22 14:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-07-20 17:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
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  40. 2026-07-16 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
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  43. 2026-07-13 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-07-09 19:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-07-08 15:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-07-08 15:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-07-07 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-07-06 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-07-06 02:23 UTCEPSS rescore
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  55. 2026-07-01 15:06 UTCEPSS rescore
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  57. 2026-06-30 23:22 UTCEPSS rescore
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  59. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-06-28 04:56 UTCEPSS rescore
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  62. 2026-06-27 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
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  65. 2026-06-23 21:32 UTCEPSS rescore
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  68. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
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  71. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
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  73. 2026-06-16 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-06-15 17:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-06-14 23:18 UTCEPSS rescore

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Working exploit code is in the public domain (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.

Related CVEs(same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-9961?
CVE-2025-9961 is a high vulnerability published on September 6, 2025. An authenticated attacker may remotely execute arbitrary code via the CWMP binary on the devices AX10 and AX1500. The exploit can only be conducted via a Man-In-The-Middle (MITM) attack. This issue affects AX10 V1/V1.2/V2/V2.6/V3/V3.6: before 1.2.1; AX1500 V1/V1.20/V1.26/V1.60/V1.80/V2.60/V3.6:…
When was CVE-2025-9961 disclosed?
CVE-2025-9961 was first published on September 6, 2025, with the most recent update on September 26, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-9961 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-9961 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 10.0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (95th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-9961?
CVE-2025-9961 has a CVSS base score of 8.6 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-9961?
No fix for CVE-2025-9961 is confirmed yet. Until one is published, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation — for example, keep it off the internet or limit it to trusted networks — and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix.

Dependency Blast Radius

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