CVE-2025-40159

HIGHPre-NVD 7.87.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 7.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2025-11-12. A secondary CVSS source baseline 7.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Trending — 3 sources updated this week

Also known asEUVD-2025-124924 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-9mvj-23j7-q46q (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

xsk: Harden userspace-supplied xdp_desc validation

Turned out certain clearly invalid values passed in xdp_desc from userspace can pass xp_{,un}aligned_validate_desc() and then lead to UBs or just invalid frames to be queued for xmit.

desc->len close to `U32_MAX with a non-zero pool->tx_metadata_len can cause positive integer overflow and wraparound, the same way low enough desc->addr with a non-zero pool->tx_metadata_len can cause negative integer overflow. Both scenarios can then pass the validation successfully. This doesn't happen with valid XSk applications, but can be used to perform attacks.

Always promote desc->len to u64 first to exclude positive overflows of it. Use explicit check_{add,sub}_overflow() when validating desc->addr (which is u64` already).

bloat-o-meter reports a little growth of the code size:

add/remove: 0/0 grow/shrink: 2/1 up/down: 60/-16 (44) Function old new delta xskq_cons_peek_desc 299 330 +31 xsk_tx_peek_release_desc_batch 973 1002 +29 xsk_generic_xmit 3148 3132 -16

but hopefully this doesn't hurt the performance much.

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
7.8HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
35
EG Risk 35/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity78% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.1% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
4th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-02). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

November 12, 2025

Last Modified

October 19, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Jul 31, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

xsk: Harden userspace-supplied xdp_desc validation - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5b5fffa7c81e55d8c8edf05ad40d811ec7047e21
Web page

xsk: Harden userspace-supplied xdp_desc validation - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1463cd066f32efd56ddfd3ac4e3524200f362980
Web page

xsk: Harden userspace-supplied xdp_desc validation - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/07ca98f906a403637fc5e513a872a50ef1247f3b

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-40159(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(16)

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(2 across 2 ecosystems)
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.38-1 ... 6.12.57-1~bpo12+1 (6 versions)
  • every version up to 6.12.57-1: fixed in 6.12.57-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.17.5-1~exp1 (75 versions)
  • every version up to 6.17.6-1: fixed in 6.17.6-1
—

All Vendor Advisories

(15)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 48× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 98 of 238 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 2 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 140 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-06 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  2. 2026-11-05 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  3. 2026-11-04 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  4. 2026-11-03 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  5. 2026-11-03 05:59 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-11-03 05:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9mvj-23j7-q46q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  7. 2026-11-02 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  8. 2026-11-01 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  9. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  10. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  11. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  12. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  13. 2026-10-27 17:56 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-27 17:56 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-27 17:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9mvj-23j7-q46q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  16. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  17. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  18. 2026-10-25 16:28 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  20. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  21. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  22. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  23. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  24. 2026-10-19 21:27 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-10-19 21:27 UTCVendor advisory
Show 73 more
  1. 2026-10-19 21:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9mvj-23j7-q46q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  2. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  3. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  4. 2026-10-18 05:34 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  6. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  7. 2026-10-15 22:49 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-15 22:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9mvj-23j7-q46q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  9. 2026-10-15 22:10 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-15 22:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9mvj-23j7-q46q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  11. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  12. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  13. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 3rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-12 17:06 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  16. 2026-10-11 20:39 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-11 18:50 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-11 15:27 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  20. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  21. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  22. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  23. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  24. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  25. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  26. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  27. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  28. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  29. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  30. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  31. 2026-09-27 02:12 UTCOSV refresh
  32. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  33. 2026-09-26 00:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  34. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  35. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  36. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  37. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  38. 2026-09-17 19:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  39. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  40. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  41. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  42. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  43. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  44. 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  45. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  46. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  47. 2026-09-07 11:18 UTCOSV refresh
  48. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  49. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  50. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  51. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  52. 2026-09-01 04:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  53. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  54. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  55. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  56. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  57. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  58. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  59. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  60. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  61. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  62. 2026-08-20 20:31 UTCOSV refresh
  63. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  64. 2026-08-18 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  65. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 4th percentile
  66. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  67. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  68. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  69. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  70. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  71. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  72. 2026-08-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  73. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-40159?
CVE-2025-40159 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on November 12, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xsk: Harden userspace-supplied xdp_desc validation Turned out certain clearly invalid values passed in xdp_desc from userspace can pass xp_{,un}aligned_validate_desc() and then lead to UBs or just invalid frames to be queued for…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-40159 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-40159 was published on November 12, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 19, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-40159 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-40159 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (4th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-40159?
CVE-2025-40159 has a CVSS base score of 7.8 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-40159?
A fix for CVE-2025-40159 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-40159 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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