CVE-2025-39965

HIGHNVD 5.57.8▲
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 7.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2025-10-13. NVD baseline CVSS 5.5; sources differ by 2.3.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
Elevated
7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: Elevated riskExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

xfrm: xfrm_alloc_spi shouldn't use 0 as SPI

x->id.spi == 0 means "no SPI assigned", but since commit 94f39804d891 ("xfrm: Duplicate SPI Handling"), we now create states and add them to the byspi list with this value.

__xfrm_state_delete doesn't remove those states from the byspi list, since they shouldn't be there, and this shows up as a UAF the next time we go through the byspi list.

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
7.8(medium)
EG Risk
40(Track)
EG Risk 40/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity78% × 45%
Exploitation0% × 40%
Automatability30% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS PROB
0%
EPSS %ILE
10%
KEV
Not listed

Published

October 13, 2025

Last Modified

August 5, 2026

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Aug 2, 2026
No patch confirmed yet.
generic

xfrm: xfrm_alloc_spi shouldn't use 0 as SPI - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/cd8ae32e4e4652db55bce6b9c79267d8946765a9
generic

xfrm: xfrm_alloc_spi shouldn't use 0 as SPI - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a78e55776522373c446f18d5002a8de4b09e6bf7
generic

xfrm: xfrm_alloc_spi shouldn't use 0 as SPI - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9fcedabaae0096f712bbb4ccca6a8538af1cd1c8
generic

xfrm: xfrm_alloc_spi shouldn't use 0 as SPI - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0baf92d0b1590b903c1f4ead75e61715e50e8146

Patch Availability(11)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-virtual-6.8 (6.8.0-106.106) @ noble2026-05-29ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8 (6.8.0-1049.52.1) @ noble2026-05-29ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-1052.55+fips1) @ noble2026-05-29ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-realtime-6.8 (6.8.0-2040.41) @ noble2026-05-29ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-1052.58+fips1) @ noble2026-05-29ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime-6.8.1 (6.8.1-1045.46) @ noble2026-05-29ubuntu
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp (6.8.0.1029.30) @ noble2026-05-29ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-aws-edge (6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-05-29ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1051.57) @ noble2026-05-29ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-edge (6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-05-29ubuntu
linuxKernel @ 6.6.109—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(2 across 2 ecosystems)
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
linux6.12.38-1 ... 6.12.57-1~bpo12+1 (6 versions)6.12.57-1—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.16~rc7-1~exp1 (68 versions)6.16.10-1—

All Vendor Advisories

(11)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 5× in last 7d / 24× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 146 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-09-17 19:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-09-07 11:18 UTCOSV refresh
  14. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-09-01 04:38 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-08-20 20:31 UTCOSV refresh
  4. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-08-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-08-05 12:55 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-08-05 12:55 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-08-05 12:55 UTCGHSA enrichment
  19. 2026-08-04 15:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-08-02 02:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-08-01 04:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-07-30 06:49 UTCEG score recompute
  26. 2026-07-30 06:49 UTCVendor advisory
  27. 2026-07-30 06:49 UTCGHSA enrichment
  28. 2026-07-30 01:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-07-28 15:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-07-26 14:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-07-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-07-23 17:41 UTCOSV refresh
  35. 2026-07-23 02:55 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-07-20 17:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-07-18 10:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-07-18 10:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-07-16 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-07-13 06:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-07-09 19:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  58. 2026-07-09 19:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-07-07 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-07-06 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-07-06 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-07-06 12:11 UTCOSV refresh
  63. 2026-07-06 02:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-07-05 02:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-07-04 06:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-07-01 15:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-07-01 15:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-06-30 23:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-06-30 23:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-06-29 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-06-29 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-06-28 04:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-06-28 04:55 UTCEPSS rescore

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Working exploit code is in the public domain (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.

  • GitHub PoCShreyas-Penkar/CVE-2025-39965
    First seen Oct 17, 2025

    PoC for CVE-2025-39965

    Open source ↗

Related CVEs(same product + same vendor)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-39965?
CVE-2025-39965 is a high vulnerability published on October 13, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: xfrmallocspi shouldn't use 0 as SPI x->id.spi == 0 means "no SPI assigned", but since commit 94f39804d891 ("xfrm: Duplicate SPI Handling"), we now create states and add them to the byspi list with this value. xfrmstatedelete…
When was CVE-2025-39965 disclosed?
CVE-2025-39965 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on October 13, 2025, with the most recent update on August 5, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-39965 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-39965 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 90.3% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-39965?
CVE-2025-39965 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 7.8.
How do I remediate CVE-2025-39965?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-39965, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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