CVE-2025-39871

HIGHNVD 7.87.8—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 7.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2025-09-23. NVD baseline CVSS 7.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: None knownExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

dmaengine: idxd: Remove improper idxd_free

The call to idxd_free() introduces a duplicate put_device() leading to a reference count underflow: refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 15 PID: 4428 at lib/refcount.c:28 refcount_warn_saturate+0xbe/0x110 ... Call Trace: idxd_remove+0xe4/0x120 [idxd] pci_device_remove+0x3f/0xb0 device_release_driver_internal+0x197/0x200 driver_detach+0x48/0x90 bus_remove_driver+0x74/0xf0 pci_unregister_driver+0x2e/0xb0 idxd_exit_module+0x34/0x7a0 [idxd] __do_sys_delete_module.constprop.0+0x183/0x280 do_syscall_64+0x54/0xd70 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x76/0x7e

The idxd_unregister_devices() which is invoked at the very beginning of idxd_remove(), already takes care of the necessary put_device() through the following call path: idxd_unregister_devices() -> device_unregister() -> put_device()

In addition, when CONFIG_DEBUG_KOBJECT_RELEASE is enabled, put_device() may trigger asynchronous cleanup via schedule_delayed_work(). If idxd_free() is called immediately after, it can result in a use-after-free.

Remove the improper idxd_free() to avoid both the refcount underflow and potential memory corruption during module unload.

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
7.8(medium)
EG Risk
40(Track)
EG Risk 40/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity78% × 45%
Exploitation0% × 40%
Automatability30% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS PROB
0%
EPSS %ILE
4%
KEV
Not listed

Published

September 23, 2025

Last Modified

July 14, 2026

Advisory Details (6)

Auto-updated Jul 14, 2026
No patch confirmed yet.
generic

SSA-019113

https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html
generic

dmaengine: idxd: Remove improper idxd_free - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f41c538881eec4dcf5961a242097d447f848cda6
generic

dmaengine: idxd: Remove improper idxd_free - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/dd7a7e43269711d757fc260b0bbdf7138f75de11
generic

dmaengine: idxd: Remove improper idxd_free - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/da4fbc1488a4cec6748da685181ee4449a878dac
generic

dmaengine: idxd: Remove improper idxd_free - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/24414bbcb37e1af95190af36c21ae51d497e1a9e
generic

dmaengine: idxd: Remove improper idxd_free - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0e95ee7f532b21206fe3f1c4054002b0d21e3b9c

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-39871(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(11)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-virtual-6.8 (6.8.0-106.106) @ noble2026-05-29ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-lowlatency-64k-6.8 (6.8.0-1049.52.1) @ noble2026-05-29ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-1052.55+fips1) @ noble2026-05-29ubuntu
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp (6.8.0.1029.30) @ noble2026-05-29ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-aws-edge (6.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-05-29ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-realtime-6.8 (6.8.0-2040.41) @ noble2026-05-29ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-lts-24.04 (6.8.0-1051.57) @ noble2026-05-29ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime-6.8.1 (6.8.1-1045.46) @ noble2026-05-29ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fips-6.8 (6.8.0-1052.58+fips1) @ noble2026-05-29ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-edge (6.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1) @ jammy2026-05-29ubuntu
linuxKernel @ 6.1.160—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(10)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 5× in last 7d / 40× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 106 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-08-02 02:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-08-01 04:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-30 01:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-28 15:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-26 14:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-07-23 19:41 UTCOSV refresh
  15. 2026-07-23 02:55 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-07-20 17:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
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  24. 2026-07-18 10:04 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-07-16 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-14 13:19 UTCNVD updateCVSS v3 → 7.8 · severity → HIGH
  7. 2026-07-14 13:11 UTCMITRE cvelistV5
  8. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-13 06:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
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  14. 2026-07-09 19:09 UTCEPSS rescore
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  16. 2026-07-07 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-07-06 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-07-06 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-07-06 14:01 UTCOSV refresh
  20. 2026-07-06 02:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-07-05 02:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-07-04 06:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-07-01 15:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-07-01 15:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-30 23:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-06-30 23:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-06-29 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-06-29 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-06-28 04:55 UTCEPSS rescore
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  33. 2026-06-27 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
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  35. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
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  37. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
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  39. 2026-06-23 21:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-06-23 21:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-06-21 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-06-21 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-06-18 02:05 UTCOSV refresh
  52. 2026-06-17 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-06-16 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-06-16 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-06-14 23:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-06-13 23:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-06-12 23:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  58. 2026-06-11 14:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-06-10 22:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-06-10 13:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-06-05 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-06-05 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-06-04 13:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-06-04 13:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-06-02 20:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-06-01 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-05-31 22:30 UTCEPSS rescore

Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-39871?
CVE-2025-39871 is a high vulnerability published on September 23, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: dmaengine: idxd: Remove improper idxd_free The call to idxdfree() introduces a duplicate putdevice() leading to a reference count underflow: refcount_t: underflow; use-after-free. WARNING: CPU: 15 PID: 4428 at lib/refcount.c:28…
When was CVE-2025-39871 disclosed?
CVE-2025-39871 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on September 23, 2025, with the most recent update on July 14, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-39871 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-39871 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 96.2% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-39871?
CVE-2025-39871 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-39871?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-39871, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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