CVE-2025-38525

MEDIUMNVD 5.55.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 5.5 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2025-08-16. NVD baseline CVSS 5.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
5.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.4%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

rxrpc: Fix irq-disabled in local_bh_enable()

The rxrpc_assess_MTU_size() function calls down into the IP layer to find out the MTU size for a route. When accepting an incoming call, this is called from rxrpc_new_incoming_call() which holds interrupts disabled across the code that calls down to it. Unfortunately, the IP layer uses local_bh_enable() which, config dependent, throws a warning if IRQs are enabled:

WARNING: CPU: 1 PID: 5544 at kernel/softirq.c:387 __local_bh_enable_ip+0x43/0xd0 ... RIP: 0010:__local_bh_enable_ip+0x43/0xd0 ... Call Trace: rt_cache_route+0x7e/0xa0 rt_set_nexthop.isra.0+0x3b3/0x3f0 __mkroute_output+0x43a/0x460 ip_route_output_key_hash+0xf7/0x140 ip_route_output_flow+0x1b/0x90 rxrpc_assess_MTU_size.isra.0+0x2a0/0x590 rxrpc_new_incoming_peer+0x46/0x120 rxrpc_alloc_incoming_call+0x1b1/0x400 rxrpc_new_incoming_call+0x1da/0x5e0 rxrpc_input_packet+0x827/0x900 rxrpc_io_thread+0x403/0xb60 kthread+0x2f7/0x310 ret_from_fork+0x2a/0x230 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30 ... hardirqs last enabled at (23): _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x24/0x50 hardirqs last disabled at (24): _raw_read_lock_irq+0x17/0x70 softirqs last enabled at (0): copy_process+0xc61/0x2730 softirqs last disabled at (25): rt_add_uncached_list+0x3c/0x90

Fix this by moving the call to rxrpc_assess_MTU_size() out of rxrpc_init_peer() and further up the stack where it can be done without interrupts disabled.

It shouldn't be a problem for rxrpc_new_incoming_call() to do it after the locks are dropped as pmtud is going to be performed by the I/O thread - and we're in the I/O thread at this point.

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
25
EG Risk 25/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity55% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 5.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.4% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.4%
EPSS %ILE
30th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (5.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 5.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
5.5 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.4% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-17). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

August 16, 2025

Last Modified

August 10, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Aug 2, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

rxrpc: Fix irq-disabled in local_bh_enable() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e4d2878369d590bf8455e3678a644e503172eafa
Web page

rxrpc: Fix irq-disabled in local_bh_enable() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2029f21f10dedb88c0f86abffcf8d6c21dcf6040

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-38525(2)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(8)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-24.04-edge (6.14.0-36.36) @ plucky2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-edge (6.14.0-1017.17~24.04.1) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oem-6.14 (6.14.0-1016.16) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime-hwe-24.04-edge (6.14.0-1016.16~24.04.1) @ noble2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-6.14 (6.14.0-1018.18) @ plucky2026-05-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-6.14 (6.14.0-1017.17) @ plucky2026-05-30ubuntu
linuxKernel @ 6.15.8 (fixes >=6.14.0)—osv
linuxKernel @ 6.6.151 (fixes >=0)—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(2 across 2 ecosystems)
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux-6.126.12.100-1~deb12u1, 6.12.101-1~deb12u1
  • every version up to 6.12.107-1~deb12u1: fixed in 6.12.107-1~deb12u1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.12.96-1 (33 versions)
  • every version up to 6.12.105-1: fixed in 6.12.105-1
—

All Vendor Advisories

(6)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 31× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 96 of 177 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 4 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 81 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  2. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  3. 2026-10-18 05:35 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  5. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  6. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  7. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  8. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  9. 2026-10-12 17:07 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  11. 2026-10-11 20:40 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-11 18:51 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-11 15:28 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  15. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  16. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  17. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  18. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  19. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  20. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  21. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  22. 2026-10-04 09:37 UTCOSV refresh
  23. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  24. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  25. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
Show 71 more
  1. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  2. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  3. 2026-09-26 00:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 27th percentile
  4. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 27th percentile
  5. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  6. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  7. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  8. 2026-09-17 19:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  9. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  10. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  11. 2026-09-14 23:44 UTCOSV refresh
  12. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  13. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  14. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  15. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  16. 2026-09-10 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  17. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  18. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  19. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  20. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  21. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  22. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  23. 2026-09-01 04:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  24. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  25. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  26. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  27. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  28. 2026-08-26 23:09 UTCOSV refresh
  29. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  30. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  31. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  32. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  33. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  34. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  35. 2026-08-18 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  36. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  37. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  38. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  39. 2026-08-15 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  40. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  41. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 28th percentile
  42. 2026-08-10 13:23 UTCVendor advisory
  43. 2026-08-10 13:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-6x2c-jc67-wp74 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  44. 2026-08-10 12:28 UTCEG score recompute
  45. 2026-08-10 12:28 UTCVendor advisory
  46. 2026-08-10 12:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-6x2c-jc67-wp74 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  47. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  48. 2026-08-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  49. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  50. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  51. 2026-08-05 13:02 UTCEG score recompute
  52. 2026-08-05 13:02 UTCVendor advisory
  53. 2026-08-05 13:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-6x2c-jc67-wp74 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  54. 2026-08-04 15:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  55. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  56. 2026-08-03 10:22 UTCEG score recompute
  57. 2026-08-03 10:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-6x2c-jc67-wp74 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  58. 2026-08-02 02:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  59. 2026-08-01 04:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  60. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  61. 2026-07-30 07:04 UTCEG score recompute
  62. 2026-07-30 07:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-6x2c-jc67-wp74 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  63. 2026-07-30 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  64. 2026-07-28 15:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  65. 2026-07-26 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  66. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  67. 2026-07-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  68. 2026-07-23 22:41 UTCOSV refresh
  69. 2026-07-23 02:54 UTCEG score recompute
  70. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  71. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-38525?
CVE-2025-38525 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on August 16, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: rxrpc: Fix irq-disabled in localbhenable() The rxrpcassessMTU_size() function calls down into the IP layer to find out the MTU size for a route. When accepting an incoming call, this is called from rxrpcnewincoming_call() which…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-38525 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-38525 was published on August 16, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of August 10, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-38525 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-38525 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.4% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (30th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-38525?
CVE-2025-38525 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-38525?
A fix for CVE-2025-38525 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-38525 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2025-38525

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2025-38525?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.