CVE-2025-21811

HIGHNVD 7.87.8—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 7.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2025-02-27. NVD baseline CVSS 7.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
Trending — 4 sources updated this week
7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: None knownExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

nilfs2: protect access to buffers with no active references

nilfs_lookup_dirty_data_buffers(), which iterates through the buffers attached to dirty data folios/pages, accesses the attached buffers without locking the folios/pages.

For data cache, nilfs_clear_folio_dirty() may be called asynchronously when the file system degenerates to read only, so nilfs_lookup_dirty_data_buffers() still has the potential to cause use after free issues when buffers lose the protection of their dirty state midway due to this asynchronous clearing and are unintentionally freed by try_to_free_buffers().

Eliminate this race issue by adjusting the lock section in this function.

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
7.8(medium)
EG Risk
35(Track)
EG Risk 35/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity78% × 45%
Exploitation0% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS PROB
0%
EPSS %ILE
13%
KEV
Not listed

Published

February 27, 2025

Last Modified

August 5, 2026

Advisory Details (8)

Auto-updated Jul 30, 2026
No patch confirmed yet.
generic

nilfs2: protect access to buffers with no active references - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/367a9bffabe08c04f6d725032cce3d891b2b9e1a
generic

nilfs2: protect access to buffers with no active references - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c437dfac9f7a5a46ac2a5e6d6acd3059e9f68188
generic

nilfs2: protect access to buffers with no active references - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b08d23d7d1917bef4fbee8ad81372f49b006656
generic

nilfs2: protect access to buffers with no active references - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8e1b9201c9a24638cf09c6e1c9f224157328010b
generic

nilfs2: protect access to buffers with no active references - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/58c27fa7a610b6e8d44e6220e7dbddfbaccaf439
generic

nilfs2: protect access to buffers with no active references - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d8ff250e085a4c4cdda4ad1cdd234ed110393143
generic

nilfs2: protect access to buffers with no active references - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/72cf688d0ce7e642b12ddc9b2a42524737ec1b4a
generic

nilfs2: protect access to buffers with no active references - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e1fc4a90a90ea8514246c45435662531975937d9

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-21811(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(31)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-tools-aws-hwe (4.15.0.1187.200~16.04.1) @ xenial2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-24.04-edge (6.11.0-26.26) @ oracular2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-nvidia-tegra-rt (5.15.0.1037.37) @ jammy2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fips (5.4.0.1151.88) @ focal2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp-tools-host (5.15.0-1050.54) @ jammy2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-20.04-edge (5.15.0.142.152~20.04.1) @ focal2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-aws-fips (5.15.0.1084.80) @ jammy2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-18.04-edge (5.4.0.216.208) @ focal2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-xilinx-zynqmp-tools-5.4.0-1064 (5.4.0-1064.68) @ focal2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-18.04-edge (5.4.0.216.236~18.04.1) @ bionic2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-fips (5.4.0.1149.91) @ focal2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-hwe-18.04-edge (5.4.0.1129.142~18.04.1) @ bionic2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-aws-edge (5.4.0.1146.156~18.04.1) @ bionic2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-bluefield (5.4.0.1105.101) @ focal2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-ibm-lts-20.04 (5.4.0.1092.121) @ focal2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-lowlatency-hwe-24.04-edge (6.11.0-1014.15~24.04.1) @ noble2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-aws-edge (5.15.0.1084.91~20.04.1) @ focal2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-fips (5.4.0.1120.117) @ focal2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-aws-lts-20.04 (5.4.0.1146.143) @ focal2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-fips (5.15.0.140.80) @ jammy2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-fips (5.15.0.1083.73) @ jammy2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-edge (5.4.0.1144.154~18.04.1) @ bionic2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-lts-22.04 (5.15.0.1083.79) @ jammy2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-20.04-edge (5.15.0.140.135) @ jammy2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-gcp-edge (5.15.0.1083.92~20.04.1) @ focal2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-aws (6.11.0-1014.15) @ oracular2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-ibm-edge (5.4.0.1092.97~18.04.1) @ bionic2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-realtime (5.15.0.1084.88) @ jammy2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-raspi-nolpae (5.15.0.1078.76) @ jammy2026-07-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-azure-fips (5.15.0.1089.74) @ jammy2026-07-30ubuntu
linuxKernel @ 5.4.291—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(24)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 46× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 116 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-08-07 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-08-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-08-05 19:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-08-05 14:02 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-08-05 14:02 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-08-05 14:02 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-08-04 15:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-08-04 10:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-08-03 10:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-08-02 02:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-08-01 04:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-30 16:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-30 07:19 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-07-30 07:19 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-07-30 07:19 UTCGHSA enrichment
  16. 2026-07-30 01:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-07-28 15:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-07-27 14:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-07-26 14:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-07-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-07-24 13:41 UTCOSV refresh
  23. 2026-07-23 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-07-23 02:50 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-20 17:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-16 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-07-13 06:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-07-13 06:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-07-11 08:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-07-11 08:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-07-09 19:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-07-08 15:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-07-07 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-07-07 08:51 UTCOSV refresh
  25. 2026-07-06 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-07-06 02:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-07-06 02:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-07-05 02:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-07-04 06:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-07-01 15:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-06-30 23:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-06-30 23:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-06-29 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-06-28 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-06-28 04:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-06-28 04:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-06-27 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-06-27 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-06-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-06-23 21:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-06-23 21:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-06-22 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-06-21 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-06-21 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-06-21 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-06-19 19:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-06-18 20:05 UTCOSV refresh
  55. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-06-18 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-06-17 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  58. 2026-06-16 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-06-16 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-06-15 17:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-06-14 23:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-06-13 22:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-06-12 23:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-06-11 13:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-06-10 22:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-06-10 13:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-06-08 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-06-07 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-06-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-06-05 22:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-06-05 06:10 UTCEPSS rescore

Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-21811?
CVE-2025-21811 is a high vulnerability published on February 27, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: nilfs2: protect access to buffers with no active references nilfslookupdirtydatabuffers(), which iterates through the buffers attached to dirty data folios/pages, accesses the attached buffers without locking the folios/pages. For…
When was CVE-2025-21811 disclosed?
CVE-2025-21811 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on February 27, 2025, with the most recent update on August 5, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-21811 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-21811 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 86.7% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-21811?
CVE-2025-21811 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-21811?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-21811, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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