CVE-2024-3660

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 1.7% (76th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
Elevated
9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1.7%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: Elevated riskExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

A arbitrary code injection vulnerability in TensorFlow's Keras framework (<2.13) allows attackers to execute arbitrary code with the same permissions as the application using a model that allow arbitrary code irrespective of the application.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
75
EG Risk 75/100CISA SSVC

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity98% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA SSVC: Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
1.7%
EPSS %ILE
77th
KEV
Not listed

CISA SSVCTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it: high means the affected system is essential to your organisation's mission, or its compromise could cause irreversible harm to people. CISA's decision table

Published

April 16, 2024

Last Modified

September 23, 2025

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Oct 9, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: cert.
cert🟡 PoC Available

VU#253266 - Keras 2 Lambda Layers Allow Arbitrary Code Injection in TensorFlow Models

https://www.kb.cert.org/vuls/id/253266
cert🟡 PoC Available

VU#253266 - Keras 2 Lambda Layers Allow Arbitrary Code Injection in TensorFlow Models

https://kb.cert.org/vuls/id/253266

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2024-3660(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Affected Packages

(2 across 2 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
keras2.3.1+dfsg-3, 2.3.1+dfsg2-1
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
PyPI(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
keras0.2.0 ... 2.9.0rc2 (76 versions)
  • every version up to 2.13.1rc0: fixed in 2.13.1rc0
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 33× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 179 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-10-10 19:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-10-08 17:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescore
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  7. 2026-10-04 23:20 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-09-30 19:46 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-09-30 15:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-09-29 15:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-09-27 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-09-26 15:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-09-22 14:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-09-22 01:16 UTCOSV refresh
  20. 2026-09-21 20:32 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-09-20 20:14 UTCEPSS rescore
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  23. 2026-09-19 15:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-09-18 19:26 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-09-16 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
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  5. 2026-09-13 16:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-09-12 14:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-09-11 14:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-09-11 09:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-09-08 21:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
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  13. 2026-09-05 15:27 UTCEPSS rescore
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  16. 2026-09-02 22:10 UTCOSV refresh
  17. 2026-09-02 14:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-09-01 13:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-08-28 21:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-08-27 14:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-08-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-08-24 14:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-08-21 23:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-08-18 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-08-17 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-08-16 14:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-08-16 12:08 UTCOSV refresh
  32. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  33. 2026-08-15 01:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-08-13 21:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  35. 2026-08-12 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-08-11 13:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-08-10 23:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-08-08 16:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-08-07 16:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-08-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-08-05 19:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-08-04 15:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-08-04 10:36 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-08-03 10:34 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-08-02 02:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-08-01 06:36 UTCOSV refresh
  47. 2026-08-01 04:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-07-30 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-07-30 01:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-07-28 15:34 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-07-27 14:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-07-26 14:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-07-26 14:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-07-25 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-07-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-07-23 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-07-23 02:37 UTCEG score recompute
  58. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-07-20 17:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-07-16 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-07-14 13:55 UTCOSV refresh
  74. 2026-07-13 22:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-07-13 06:12 UTCEPSS rescore

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • GitHub PoCaaryanbhujang/CVE-2024-3660-PoC
    Published Aug 15, 2025

    A PoC for CVE-2024-3660. Arbitrary Code Execution in Keras.

    Open source ↗

Related CVEs(same product + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2024-3660?
CVE-2024-3660 is a critical vulnerability published on April 16, 2024. A arbitrary code injection vulnerability in TensorFlow's Keras framework (<2.13) allows attackers to execute arbitrary code with the same permissions as the application using a model that allow arbitrary code irrespective of the application.
When was CVE-2024-3660 disclosed?
CVE-2024-3660 was first published on April 16, 2024, with the most recent update on September 23, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2024-3660 actively exploited?
CVE-2024-3660 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1.7% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (77th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2024-3660?
CVE-2024-3660 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2024-3660?
A fix for CVE-2024-3660 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2024-3660 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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