The iconv() function in the GNU C Library versions 2.39 and older may overflow the output buffer passed to it by up to 4 bytes when converting strings to the ISO-2022-CN-EXT character set, which may be used to crash an application or overwrite a neighbouring variable.
CVE-2024-2961
“▲” beside the score: it is higher than the CVSS score beside it.
Score elevated to 9.0 because EPSS predicted 88% probability of exploitation within the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs) when EchelonGraph scored this CVE. CISA-ADP (Vulnrichment) CVSS v3.1 baseline 7.3 retained for reference (NVD's own analysis pending). Confidence: see factors.
- High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 88%
- Public exploit code is available (Metasploit, other public proof-of-concept code)
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 7.3
- EG Score
- 9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
- EG Risk
- 68EG Risk 68/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity73% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.3 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation88% × 40%FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.Automatability0% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines. - EPSS PROB
- 88%
- EPSS %ILE
- 99th
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (9.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.0 is EPSS's lift toward 9.0 from its impact severity (EG Severity, CVSS 7.3 HIGH): a likelihood of exploitation, not impact.
- EG Severity
- 7.3 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 88% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-22). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.
In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
April 17, 2024
Last Modified
October 15, 2026
Advisory Details (10)
Auto-updated Jul 14, 2026oss-security - Re: The GNU C Library security advisories update for 2024-04-17: GLIBC-SA-2024-0004/CVE-2024-2961: ISO-2022-CN-EXT: fix out-of-bound writes when writing escape sequence
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/05/27/6oss-security - Re: The GNU C Library security advisories update for 2024-04-17: GLIBC-SA-2024-0004/CVE-2024-2961: ISO-2022-CN-EXT: fix out-of-bound writes when writing escape sequence
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/05/27/2[SECURITY] [DLA 3807-1] glibc security update
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/05/msg00001.htmloss-security - Re: The GNU C Library security advisories update for 2024-04-17: GLIBC-SA-2024-0004/CVE-2024-2961: ISO-2022-CN-EXT: fix out-of-bound writes when writing escape sequence
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/18/4oss-security - The GNU C Library security advisories update for 2024-04-17: GLIBC-SA-2024-0004/CVE-2024-2961: ISO-2022-CN-EXT: fix out-of-bound writes when writing escape sequence
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/17/9oss-security - Re: The GNU C Library security advisories update for 2024-04-17: GLIBC-SA-2024-0004/CVE-2024-2961: ISO-2022-CN-EXT: fix out-of-bound writes when writing escape sequence
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/24/2[SECURITY] Fedora 38 Update: glibc-2.37-19.fc38 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/BTJFBGHDYG5PEIFD5WSSSKSFZ2AZWC5N/[SECURITY] Fedora 39 Update: glibc-2.38-18.fc39 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/YAMJQI3Y6BHWV3CUTYBXOZONCUJNOB2Z/[SECURITY] Fedora 40 Update: glibc-2.39-8.fc40 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/P3I4KYS6EU6S7QZ47WFNTPVAHFIUQNEL/sourceware.org Git - glibc.git/blob - advisories/GLIBC-SA-2024-0004
https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blob;f=advisories/GLIBC-SA-2024-0004Vendor Advisories for CVE-2024-2961(17)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
- CVE-2024-2961Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC)High
The iconv() function in the GNU C Library versions 2.39 and older may overflow the output buffer passed to it by up to 4 bytes when converting strings to the ISO-2022-CN-EXT character set, which may be used to crash an application or overwrite a neighbouring variable.
- RHSA-2024:8235Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.14.39 security update
- RHSA-2024:7939Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.13.52 security update
- RHSA-2024:7594Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.15.36 security update
- RHSA-2024:7599Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.16.16 bug fix and security update
- RHSA-2024:7590Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 4.12.67 bug fix and security update
- RHSA-2024:4126Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Service Interconnect 1.4.5 Release security update
- RHSA-2024:3588Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: glibc security update
- +9 more
Patch Availability(19)
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Affected Packages
(5 across 5 ecosystems)
Debian:10(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| glibc | 2.28-10, 2.28-10+deb10u1, 2.28-10+deb10u2 |
| — |
Debian:11(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| glibc | 2.31-13 ... 2.31-13+deb11u8 (9 versions) |
| — |
Debian:12(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| glibc | 2.36-9 ... 2.36-9+deb12u5 (6 versions) |
| — |
Debian:13(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| glibc | — |
| — |
Debian:14(1)
| Package | Vulnerable range | Fix by version range | Dependents |
|---|---|---|---|
| glibc | — |
| — |
Weakness Classification(1)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Additional Vendor Advisories
(3)
Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 24× in last 7d / 49× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.
Showing the most recent 90 of 116 refreshes on record for this CVE.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 10 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 26 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.
- 2026-10-22 21:07 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-22 21:07 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-22 21:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
- 2026-10-21 22:32 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-21 22:32 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-21 22:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
- 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-20 23:58 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-20 23:58 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-20 23:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
- 2026-10-20 01:14 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-20 01:14 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-20 01:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
- 2026-10-19 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-19 00:07 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-19 00:07 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-19 00:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
- 2026-10-18 07:20 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-18 01:28 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-18 01:28 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-18 01:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
- 2026-10-17 02:50 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-17 02:50 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-17 02:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
- 2026-10-16 04:11 UTCEG score recompute
Show 65 moreShow fewer
- 2026-10-16 04:11 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-16 04:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
- 2026-10-15 01:07 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-15 01:07 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-15 01:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
- 2026-10-14 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-14 13:18 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-14 13:18 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-14 13:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
- 2026-10-13 13:09 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-13 13:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
- 2026-10-12 17:57 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-12 14:32 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-12 14:32 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-12 14:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
- 2026-10-11 21:21 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-11 16:15 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-10-07 13:24 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-30 19:41 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-09-26 15:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-26 00:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-22 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-20 20:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-17 19:36 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-12 14:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-05 15:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-29 19:43 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-08-28 21:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-26 14:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-24 14:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-20 22:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-17 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-13 07:02 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-08-12 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-08-03 10:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-07-30 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-07-28 15:21 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-07-25 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-07-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-07-23 02:35 UTCEG score recompute
- 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-07-13 06:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-07-11 07:22 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-07-06 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-07-01 15:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-28 04:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-23 21:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-22 14:22 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-06-17 17:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-15 17:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-12 23:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 92% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-10 22:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 92% · 99th percentile
- 2026-06-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 92% · 99th percentile
Publicly available exploits
(8 references)Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Metasploit module, 7 GitHub PoCs). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.
- Metasploitexploit/linux/http/magento_xxe_to_glibc_buf_overflow✓ verifiedPublished Oct 18, 2024
CosmicSting: Magento Arbitrary File Read (CVE-2024-34102) + PHP Buffer Overflow in the iconv() function of glibc (CVE-2024-2961)
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCsuce0155/CVE-2024-2961Published Feb 4, 2025
CVE-2024-2961 Cnext RCE Exploit with Buddyforms 2.7.7
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCkyotozx/CVE-2024-2961-Remote-File-ReadPublished Jan 27, 2025
This script demonstrates a proof-of-concept (PoC) for exploiting a file read vulnerability in the iconv library, as detailed in Ambionics Security's blog https://www.ambionics.io/blog/iconv-cve-2024-2961-p1.
Open source ↗ - Open source ↗GitHub PoCkjdfklha/CVE-2024-2961_pocPublished Jun 4, 2024
- GitHub PoCambionics/cnext-exploitsPublished May 27, 2024
Exploits for CNEXT (CVE-2024-2961), a buffer overflow in the glibc's iconv()
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCrvizx/CVE-2024-2961Published May 20, 2024
CVE-2024–2961 Security Issue Mitigation Script
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCrvzsec/CVE-2024-2961Published May 20, 2024
CVE-2024–2961 Security Issue Mitigation Script
Open source ↗ - GitHub PoCmattaperkins/FIX-CVE-2024-2961Published Apr 24, 2024
Quick mitigation script
Open source ↗
Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)
Same product
10 shownDebian:10:glibc
Same vendor
10 shownredhat:RHSA-2024:2799 · redhat:RHSA-2024:7594 · redhat:RHSA-2024:7599
- CVE-2024-33602NVD 7.4EG 8.6HIGH
- CVE-2024-33599EG 8.1HIGH
- CVE-2024-33601NVD 7.3EG 7.5HIGH
- CVE-2024-33600EG 5.9MEDIUM
- CVE-2024-44082EG 4.3MEDIUM
- CVE-2024-45490EG 9.8CRITICAL
- CVE-2018-11236EG 9.8EPSS p94CRITICAL
- CVE-2014-9984EG 9.8EPSS p91CRITICAL
- CVE-2023-45288NVD 7.5EG 9.0EPSS p100CRITICAL
- CVE-2023-48795NVD 5.9EG 9.0EPSS p100CRITICAL
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2024-2961?
When was CVE-2024-2961 made public?
Is CVE-2024-2961 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2024-2961?
How do I remediate CVE-2024-2961?
Dependency Blast Radius
See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2024-2961
Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2024-2961?
EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.