CVE-2024-2961

CRITICALPre-NVD 7.39.0
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than the CVSS score beside it.

Score elevated to 9.0 because EPSS predicted 88% probability of exploitation within the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs) when EchelonGraph scored this CVE. CISA-ADP (Vulnrichment) CVSS v3.1 baseline 7.3 retained for reference (NVD's own analysis pending). Confidence: see factors.

Triggered by: EPSS exploit prediction (continuous uplift above 30%)
Sources: CISA-ADP (Vulnrichment) CVSS v3.1, EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory
Trending — 4 sources updated this weekWeaponized
9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 88%
  • Public exploit code is available (Metasploit, other public proof-of-concept code)
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 88%CVSS: 7.3Exploit: Metasploit · other public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

The iconv() function in the GNU C Library versions 2.39 and older may overflow the output buffer passed to it by up to 4 bytes when converting strings to the ISO-2022-CN-EXT character set, which may be used to crash an application or overwrite a neighbouring variable.

CVSS v3
7.3
EG Score
9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
EG Risk
68
EG Risk 68/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity73% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.3 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation88% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
88%
EPSS %ILE
99th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.0 is EPSS's lift toward 9.0 from its impact severity (EG Severity, CVSS 7.3 HIGH): a likelihood of exploitation, not impact.

EG Severity
7.3 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
88% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-22). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

April 17, 2024

Last Modified

October 15, 2026

Advisory Details (10)

Auto-updated Jul 14, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

oss-security - Re: The GNU C Library security advisories update for 2024-04-17: GLIBC-SA-2024-0004/CVE-2024-2961: ISO-2022-CN-EXT: fix out-of-bound writes when writing escape sequence

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/05/27/6
Web page

oss-security - Re: The GNU C Library security advisories update for 2024-04-17: GLIBC-SA-2024-0004/CVE-2024-2961: ISO-2022-CN-EXT: fix out-of-bound writes when writing escape sequence

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/05/27/2
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

[SECURITY] [DLA 3807-1] glibc security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2024/05/msg00001.html
Web page

oss-security - Re: The GNU C Library security advisories update for 2024-04-17: GLIBC-SA-2024-0004/CVE-2024-2961: ISO-2022-CN-EXT: fix out-of-bound writes when writing escape sequence

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/18/4
Web page

oss-security - The GNU C Library security advisories update for 2024-04-17: GLIBC-SA-2024-0004/CVE-2024-2961: ISO-2022-CN-EXT: fix out-of-bound writes when writing escape sequence

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/17/9
Web page

oss-security - Re: The GNU C Library security advisories update for 2024-04-17: GLIBC-SA-2024-0004/CVE-2024-2961: ISO-2022-CN-EXT: fix out-of-bound writes when writing escape sequence

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2024/04/24/2
Web page

[SECURITY] Fedora 38 Update: glibc-2.37-19.fc38 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists

https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/BTJFBGHDYG5PEIFD5WSSSKSFZ2AZWC5N/
Web page

[SECURITY] Fedora 39 Update: glibc-2.38-18.fc39 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists

https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/YAMJQI3Y6BHWV3CUTYBXOZONCUJNOB2Z/
Web page

[SECURITY] Fedora 40 Update: glibc-2.39-8.fc40 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists

https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/[email protected]/message/P3I4KYS6EU6S7QZ47WFNTPVAHFIUQNEL/
Web page

sourceware.org Git - glibc.git/blob - advisories/GLIBC-SA-2024-0004

https://sourceware.org/git/?p=glibc.git;a=blob;f=advisories/GLIBC-SA-2024-0004

Patch Availability(19)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntunscd (2.38-1ubuntu6.2) @ mantic2026-10-22ubuntu
ubuntunscd (2.23-0ubuntu11.3+esm6) @ xenial2026-10-22ubuntu
ubuntunscd (2.39-0ubuntu8.1) @ noble2026-10-22ubuntu
redhatopenshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9:414.92.202410112148-02024-10-23redhat
redhatopenshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9:413.92.202410081857-02024-10-16redhat
redhatopenshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9:415.92.202410020020-02024-10-09redhat
redhatopenshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9:416.94.202410020522-02024-10-09redhat
redhatopenshift/ose-rhel-coreos-8:412.86.202410010038-02024-10-09redhat
redhatservice-interconnect/skupper-site-controller-rhel9:1.4.5-22024-06-26redhat
redhatglibc-0:2.17-326.el7_9.32024-06-04redhat
redhatglibc-0:2.28-101.el8_2.22024-05-29redhat
redhatglibc-0:2.34-60.el9_2.142024-05-28redhat
redhatglibc-0:2.34-28.el9_0.62024-05-28redhat
redhatglibc-0:2.28-225.el8_8.112024-05-23redhat
redhatglibc-0:2.28-151.el8_4.22024-05-23redhat
redhatglibc-0:2.34-100.el9_4.22024-05-23redhat
redhatglibc-0:2.28-251.el8_10.12024-05-22redhat
redhatglibc-0:2.28-189.10.el8_62024-05-09redhat
redhatglibc-0:2.28-236.el8_9.132024-05-07redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 5 ecosystems)
Debian:10(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
glibc2.28-10, 2.28-10+deb10u1, 2.28-10+deb10u2
  • every version up to 2.28-10+deb10u3: fixed in 2.28-10+deb10u3
—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
glibc2.31-13 ... 2.31-13+deb11u8 (9 versions)
  • every version up to 2.31-13+deb11u9: fixed in 2.31-13+deb11u9
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
glibc2.36-9 ... 2.36-9+deb12u5 (6 versions)
  • every version up to 2.36-9+deb12u6: fixed in 2.36-9+deb12u6
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
glibc—
  • every version up to 2.37-18: fixed in 2.37-18
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
glibc—
  • every version up to 2.37-18: fixed in 2.37-18
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(3)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 24× in last 7d / 49× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 90 of 116 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 10 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 26 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-10-22 21:07 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-10-22 21:07 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-10-22 21:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  4. 2026-10-21 22:32 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-21 22:32 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-21 22:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  7. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  8. 2026-10-20 23:58 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-10-20 23:58 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-10-20 23:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  11. 2026-10-20 01:14 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-20 01:14 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-10-20 01:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  14. 2026-10-19 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  15. 2026-10-19 00:07 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-19 00:07 UTCVendor advisory
  17. 2026-10-19 00:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  18. 2026-10-18 07:20 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-10-18 01:28 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-18 01:28 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-10-18 01:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  22. 2026-10-17 02:50 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-10-17 02:50 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-17 02:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  25. 2026-10-16 04:11 UTCEG score recompute
Show 65 more
  1. 2026-10-16 04:11 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-10-16 04:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  3. 2026-10-15 01:07 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-10-15 01:07 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-10-15 01:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  6. 2026-10-14 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  7. 2026-10-14 13:18 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-10-14 13:18 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-10-14 13:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  10. 2026-10-13 13:09 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-10-13 13:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  12. 2026-10-12 17:57 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-10-12 14:32 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-12 14:32 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-12 14:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-22q4-f5r6-3xqw · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.3
  16. 2026-10-11 21:21 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-10-11 16:15 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  19. 2026-10-07 13:24 UTCOSV refresh
  20. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  21. 2026-09-30 19:41 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-09-26 15:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  23. 2026-09-26 00:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  24. 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  25. 2026-09-23 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  26. 2026-09-22 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  27. 2026-09-20 20:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  28. 2026-09-17 19:36 UTCOSV refresh
  29. 2026-09-12 14:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  30. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  31. 2026-09-05 15:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  32. 2026-09-04 05:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  33. 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  34. 2026-08-29 19:43 UTCOSV refresh
  35. 2026-08-28 21:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  36. 2026-08-26 14:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  37. 2026-08-24 14:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  38. 2026-08-20 22:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  39. 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  40. 2026-08-17 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  41. 2026-08-16 02:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  42. 2026-08-13 07:02 UTCOSV refresh
  43. 2026-08-12 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  44. 2026-08-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  45. 2026-08-03 10:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  46. 2026-07-30 01:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  47. 2026-07-28 15:21 UTCOSV refresh
  48. 2026-07-25 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  49. 2026-07-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  50. 2026-07-23 02:35 UTCEG score recompute
  51. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  52. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  53. 2026-07-13 06:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  54. 2026-07-11 07:22 UTCOSV refresh
  55. 2026-07-06 16:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  56. 2026-07-01 15:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  57. 2026-06-28 04:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  58. 2026-06-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  59. 2026-06-23 21:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  60. 2026-06-22 14:22 UTCOSV refresh
  61. 2026-06-17 17:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  62. 2026-06-15 17:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 88% · 99th percentile
  63. 2026-06-12 23:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 92% · 99th percentile
  64. 2026-06-10 22:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 92% · 99th percentile
  65. 2026-06-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 92% · 99th percentile

Publicly available exploits

(8 references)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Metasploit module, 7 GitHub PoCs). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • Metasploitexploit/linux/http/magento_xxe_to_glibc_buf_overflow✓ verified
    Published Oct 18, 2024

    CosmicSting: Magento Arbitrary File Read (CVE-2024-34102) + PHP Buffer Overflow in the iconv() function of glibc (CVE-2024-2961)

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCsuce0155/CVE-2024-2961
    Published Feb 4, 2025

    CVE-2024-2961 Cnext RCE Exploit with Buddyforms 2.7.7

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCkyotozx/CVE-2024-2961-Remote-File-Read
    Published Jan 27, 2025

    This script demonstrates a proof-of-concept (PoC) for exploiting a file read vulnerability in the iconv library, as detailed in Ambionics Security's blog https://www.ambionics.io/blog/iconv-cve-2024-2961-p1.

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCkjdfklha/CVE-2024-2961_poc
    Published Jun 4, 2024
    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCambionics/cnext-exploits
    Published May 27, 2024

    Exploits for CNEXT (CVE-2024-2961), a buffer overflow in the glibc's iconv()

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCrvizx/CVE-2024-2961
    Published May 20, 2024

    CVE-2024–2961 Security Issue Mitigation Script

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCrvzsec/CVE-2024-2961
    Published May 20, 2024

    CVE-2024–2961 Security Issue Mitigation Script

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCmattaperkins/FIX-CVE-2024-2961
    Published Apr 24, 2024

    Quick mitigation script

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2024-2961?
CVE-2024-2961 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on April 17, 2024. The iconv() function in the GNU C Library versions 2.39 and older may overflow the output buffer passed to it by up to 4 bytes when converting strings to the ISO-2022-CN-EXT character set, which may be used to crash an application or overwrite a neighbouring variable.
When was CVE-2024-2961 made public?
CVE-2024-2961 was made public on April 17, 2024: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, GNU C Library, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on April 17, 2024. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 15, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2024-2961 actively exploited?
CVE-2024-2961 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. EchelonGraph's EG-KEV model places it in Tier 2 (Weaponized), which is not evidence of exploitation: a Metasploit module exists for it, and CISA's SSVC data says a public PoC exists and its EPSS is 50% or more. EchelonGraph does not test whether exploit code works. FIRST EPSS estimates a 88% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2024-2961?
CVE-2024-2961 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.3 (CISA-ADP / Vulnrichment enrichment; NVD's own analysis pending). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0 (CRITICAL).
How do I remediate CVE-2024-2961?
A fix for CVE-2024-2961 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2024-2961 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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