CVE-2021-3177

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2022-05-24. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Trending — 5 sources updated this weekElevated

Also known asEUVD-2021-26520 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 24%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Python 3.x through 3.9.1 has a buffer overflow in PyCArg_repr in _ctypes/callproc.c, which may lead to remote code execution in certain Python applications that accept floating-point numbers as untrusted input, as demonstrated by a 1e300 argument to c_double.from_param. This occurs because sprintf is used unsafely.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
75
EG Risk 75/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
24%
EPSS %ILE
97th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
24% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-02). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

January 19, 2021

Last Modified

October 14, 2026

Advisory Details (10)

Auto-updated Oct 30, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_pr.
Web page

[SECURITY] Fedora 32 Update: python3.10-3.10.0~a5-1.fc32 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists

https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FPE7SMXYUIWPOIZV4DQYXODRXMFX3C5E/
Web page

[SECURITY] Fedora 32 Update: python37-3.7.10-1.fc32 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists

https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/FONHJIOZOFD7CD35KZL6SVBUTMBPGZGA/
Web page

[SECURITY] Fedora 33 Update: mingw-python3-3.9.1-2.fc33 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists

https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/CCFZMVRQUKCBQIG5F2CBVADK63NFSE4A/
Web page

[SECURITY] Fedora 32 Update: mingw-python3-3.8.3-8.fc32 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists

https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/BRHOCQYX3QLDGDQGTWQAUUT2GGIZCZUO/
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

[SECURITY] [DLA 3432-1] python2.7 security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/05/msg00024.html
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

[SECURITY] [DLA 2919-1] python2.7 security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/02/msg00013.html
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

[SECURITY] [DLA 2619-1] python3.5 security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/04/msg00005.html
GitHub pull request

closes bpo-42938: Replace snprintf with Python unicode formatting in ctypes param reprs.

Fix merged in python/cpython PR #24239 on 2021-01-18 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/python/cpython/pull/24239
Web page

Issue 42938: [security][CVE-2021-3177] ctypes double representation BoF - Python tracker

https://bugs.python.org/issue42938

Patch Availability(11)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntupython2.7-minimal (2.7.6-8ubuntu0.6+esm10) @ trusty2026-11-03ubuntu
ubuntupython3.8-venv (3.8.0-3~18.04.1) @ bionic2026-11-03ubuntu
ubuntupython3.11-venv (3.11.0~rc1-1~22.04.1~esm1) @ jammy2026-11-03ubuntu
ubuntupython2.7-minimal (2.7.12-1ubuntu0~16.04.18) @ xenial2026-11-03ubuntu
ubuntupython3.8-venv (3.8.6-1ubuntu0.2) @ groovy2026-11-03ubuntu
redhatpython-0:2.7.5-92.el7_92022-06-28redhat
redhatrh-python38-python-urllib3-0:1.25.7-7.el72021-08-24redhat
redhatpython27-python-pygments-0:1.5-5.el72021-08-24redhat
redhatpython38:3.8-8040020210128125034.b1b639b62021-05-18redhat
redhatpython3-0:3.6.8-37.el82021-05-18redhat
redhatpython27:2.7-8040020210122160212.cdb2db542021-05-18redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(20 across 18 ecosystems)
Debian:11(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python2.7—
  • every version up to 2.7.18-2: fixed in 2.7.18-2
—
python3.9—
  • every version up to 3.9.1-3: fixed in 3.9.1-3
—
Debian:9(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python2.72.7.13-2 ... 2.7.13-2+deb9u5 (6 versions)
  • every version up to 2.7.13-2+deb9u6: fixed in 2.7.13-2+deb9u6
—
python3.53.5.3-1, 3.5.3-1+deb9u1, 3.5.3-1+deb9u2, 3.5.3-1+deb9u3
  • every version up to 3.5.3-1+deb9u4: fixed in 3.5.3-1+deb9u4
—
Alpine:v3.10(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python3—
  • every version up to 3.7.7-r2: fixed in 3.7.7-r2
—
Alpine:v3.11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python3—
  • every version up to 3.8.2-r2: fixed in 3.8.2-r2
—
Alpine:v3.12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python3—
  • every version up to 3.8.5-r1: fixed in 3.8.5-r1
—
Alpine:v3.13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python3—
  • every version up to 3.8.7-r1: fixed in 3.8.7-r1
—
Alpine:v3.14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python3—
  • every version up to 3.8.7-r2: fixed in 3.8.7-r2
—
Alpine:v3.15(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python3—
  • every version up to 3.8.7-r2: fixed in 3.8.7-r2
—
Alpine:v3.16(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python3—
  • every version up to 3.8.7-r2: fixed in 3.8.7-r2
—
Alpine:v3.17(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python3—
  • every version up to 3.8.7-r2: fixed in 3.8.7-r2
—
Alpine:v3.18(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python3—
  • every version up to 3.8.7-r2: fixed in 3.8.7-r2
—
Alpine:v3.19(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python3—
  • every version up to 3.8.7-r2: fixed in 3.8.7-r2
—
Alpine:v3.20(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python3—
  • every version up to 3.8.7-r2: fixed in 3.8.7-r2
—
Alpine:v3.21(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python3—
  • every version up to 3.8.7-r2: fixed in 3.8.7-r2
—
Alpine:v3.22(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python3—
  • every version up to 3.8.7-r2: fixed in 3.8.7-r2
—
Alpine:v3.23(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python3—
  • every version up to 3.8.7-r2: fixed in 3.8.7-r2
—
Alpine:v3.24(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python3—
  • every version up to 3.8.7-r2: fixed in 3.8.7-r2
—
Debian:10(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
python2.72.7.16-2, 2.7.16-2+deb10u1
  • every version up to 2.7.16-2+deb10u2: fixed in 2.7.16-2+deb10u2
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(7)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 27× in last 7d / 97× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 268 refreshes on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 168 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-03 17:55 UTCOSV refresh
  2. 2026-11-03 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 24% · 97th percentile
  3. 2026-11-03 07:22 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-11-03 07:22 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-11-03 07:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  6. 2026-11-02 06:54 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-11-02 06:54 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-11-02 06:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  9. 2026-11-01 06:32 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-11-01 06:32 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-11-01 06:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  12. 2026-10-31 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 24% · 97th percentile
  13. 2026-10-31 06:09 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-10-31 06:09 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-10-31 06:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  16. 2026-10-30 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 24% · 97th percentile
  17. 2026-10-30 05:46 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-10-30 05:46 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-10-30 05:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  20. 2026-10-29 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 24% · 97th percentile
  21. 2026-10-29 05:24 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-10-29 05:24 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-10-29 05:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  24. 2026-10-28 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 24% · 97th percentile
  25. 2026-10-28 05:02 UTCEG score recompute
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-28 05:02 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-10-28 05:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  3. 2026-10-27 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 24% · 97th percentile
  4. 2026-10-27 04:40 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-10-27 04:40 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-10-27 04:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  7. 2026-10-25 23:47 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-10-25 23:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  9. 2026-10-25 18:28 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-10-25 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 24% · 97th percentile
  11. 2026-10-24 23:15 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-10-24 23:15 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-10-24 23:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  14. 2026-10-24 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 24% · 97th percentile
  15. 2026-10-23 22:53 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-10-23 22:53 UTCVendor advisory
  17. 2026-10-23 22:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  18. 2026-10-23 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 24% · 97th percentile
  19. 2026-10-22 22:14 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-10-22 22:14 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-10-22 22:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  22. 2026-10-22 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 24% · 97th percentile
  23. 2026-10-21 21:52 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-10-21 21:52 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-10-21 21:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  26. 2026-10-21 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 24% · 97th percentile
  27. 2026-10-20 21:27 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-10-20 21:27 UTCVendor advisory
  29. 2026-10-20 21:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  30. 2026-10-20 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 24% · 97th percentile
  31. 2026-10-19 21:04 UTCEG score recompute
  32. 2026-10-19 21:04 UTCVendor advisory
  33. 2026-10-19 21:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  34. 2026-10-19 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 24% · 97th percentile
  35. 2026-10-18 19:52 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-10-18 19:52 UTCVendor advisory
  37. 2026-10-18 19:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  38. 2026-10-18 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 24% · 97th percentile
  39. 2026-10-18 09:02 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-10-17 19:30 UTCEG score recompute
  41. 2026-10-17 19:30 UTCVendor advisory
  42. 2026-10-17 19:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  43. 2026-10-17 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 24% · 97th percentile
  44. 2026-10-16 19:07 UTCEG score recompute
  45. 2026-10-16 19:07 UTCVendor advisory
  46. 2026-10-16 19:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  47. 2026-10-16 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 24% · 97th percentile
  48. 2026-10-15 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 24% · 97th percentile
  49. 2026-10-15 16:20 UTCEG score recompute
  50. 2026-10-15 16:20 UTCVendor advisory
  51. 2026-10-15 16:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  52. 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 24% · 97th percentile
  53. 2026-10-14 10:26 UTCVendor advisory
  54. 2026-10-14 10:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  55. 2026-10-14 09:50 UTCVendor advisory
  56. 2026-10-14 09:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  57. 2026-10-13 23:12 UTCEG score recompute
  58. 2026-10-13 23:12 UTCVendor advisory
  59. 2026-10-13 23:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  60. 2026-10-13 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 23% · 97th percentile
  61. 2026-10-12 19:18 UTCVendor advisory
  62. 2026-10-12 19:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hc96-xw56-vfwh · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  63. 2026-10-12 19:17 UTCEG score recompute
  64. 2026-10-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 23% · 97th percentile
  65. 2026-10-11 23:42 UTCEG score recompute
  66. 2026-10-11 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 23% · 97th percentile
  67. 2026-10-10 19:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 23% · 97th percentile
  68. 2026-10-09 20:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 23% · 97th percentile
  69. 2026-10-08 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 23% · 97th percentile
  70. 2026-10-07 23:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 23% · 97th percentile
  71. 2026-10-06 15:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 23% · 97th percentile
  72. 2026-10-05 17:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 23% · 97th percentile
  73. 2026-10-03 14:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 23% · 97th percentile
  74. 2026-10-02 16:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 23% · 97th percentile
  75. 2026-10-01 19:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 23% · 97th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2021-3177?
CVE-2021-3177 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on January 19, 2021. Python 3.x through 3.9.1 has a buffer overflow in PyCArg_repr in _ctypes/callproc.c, which may lead to remote code execution in certain Python applications that accept floating-point numbers as untrusted input, as demonstrated by a 1e300 argument to c_double.from_param. This occurs because sprintf…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2021-3177 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2021-3177 was published on January 19, 2021. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 14, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2021-3177 actively exploited?
CVE-2021-3177 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 24% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (97th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2021-3177?
CVE-2021-3177 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2021-3177?
A fix for CVE-2021-3177 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2021-3177 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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