CVE-2021-28689

MEDIUMNVD 5.55.5—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 5.5 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2022-05-24. NVD baseline CVSS 5.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
5.5
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS: 0%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: NoneExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

x86: Speculative vulnerabilities with bare (non-shim) 32-bit PV guests 32-bit x86 PV guest kernels run in ring 1. At the time when Xen was developed, this area of the i386 architecture was rarely used, which is why Xen was able to use it to implement paravirtualisation, Xen's novel approach to virtualization. In AMD64, Xen had to use a different implementation approach, so Xen does not use ring 1 to support 64-bit guests. With the focus now being on 64-bit systems, and the availability of explicit hardware support for virtualization, fixing speculation issues in ring 1 is not a priority for processor companies. Indirect Branch Restricted Speculation (IBRS) is an architectural x86 extension put together to combat speculative execution sidechannel attacks, including Spectre v2. It was retrofitted in microcode to existing CPUs. For more details on Spectre v2, see: http://xenbits.xen.org/xsa/advisory-254.html However, IBRS does not architecturally protect ring 0 from predictions learnt in ring 1. For more details, see: https://software.intel.com/security-software-guidance/deep-dives/deep-dive-indirect-branch-restricted-speculation Similar situations may exist with other mitigations for other kinds of speculative execution attacks. The situation is quite likely to be similar for speculative execution attacks which have yet to be discovered, disclosed, or mitigated.

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5(medium)
EPSS
29.6%
KEV
Not listed

Published

June 11, 2021

Last Modified

November 21, 2024

References (2)

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 46× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-07-11 08:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-11 08:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-09 19:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-07 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-06 16:25 UTCEPSS rescore
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  7. 2026-07-06 02:21 UTCEPSS rescore
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  9. 2026-07-05 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-07-04 06:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-07-04 06:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-07-02 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-01 15:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-07-01 01:18 UTCOSV refresh
  15. 2026-06-30 23:20 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-06-30 23:20 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-06-29 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-06-28 14:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-06-28 04:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-06-28 04:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-06-27 03:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-27 03:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-24 14:03 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-06-24 14:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-06-23 21:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-06-23 21:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-06-22 14:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-06-22 14:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-06-21 14:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-06-21 14:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-06-21 01:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-06-21 01:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-06-19 19:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-06-19 19:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-06-18 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-06-18 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-06-17 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-06-16 17:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-06-15 17:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-06-14 23:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-06-13 22:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-06-13 22:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-06-13 03:43 UTCOSV refresh
  21. 2026-06-12 23:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-06-11 13:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-10 22:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-10 13:20 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-08 14:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-06-07 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-06-07 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-06-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-06-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-06-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-06-05 22:45 UTCEPSS rescore
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  35. 2026-06-04 13:10 UTCEPSS rescore
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  37. 2026-06-02 20:11 UTCEPSS rescore
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  39. 2026-06-02 20:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-06-01 13:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-06-01 13:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-05-31 00:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-05-29 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-05-28 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-05-28 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-05-27 13:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-05-27 13:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-05-26 15:01 UTCEG score recompute
  49. 2026-05-26 15:01 UTCGHSA enrichment
  50. 2026-05-26 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-05-26 07:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-05-26 07:17 UTCEPSS rescore

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2021-28689?
CVE-2021-28689 is a medium vulnerability published on June 11, 2021. x86: Speculative vulnerabilities with bare (non-shim) 32-bit PV guests 32-bit x86 PV guest kernels run in ring 1. At the time when Xen was developed, this area of the i386 architecture was rarely used, which is why Xen was able to use it to implement paravirtualisation, Xen's novel approach to…
When was CVE-2021-28689 disclosed?
CVE-2021-28689 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on June 11, 2021, with the most recent update on November 21, 2024. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2021-28689 actively exploited?
CVE-2021-28689 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 29.6% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2021-28689?
CVE-2021-28689 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2021-28689?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2021-28689, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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