CVE-2016-4003

MEDIUMNVD 6.16.1—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This medium-severity CVE scores 6.1 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 12% (95th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
Elevated
6.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 12%CVSS: 6.1Exploit: Elevated riskExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the URLDecoder function in JRE before 1.8, as used in Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.28, when using a single byte page encoding, allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via multi-byte characters in a url-encoded parameter.

CVSS v3
6.1
EG Score
6.1MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
48
EG Risk 48/100CISA SSVC

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity61% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability30% × 15%
CISA SSVC: Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* or Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
12%
EPSS %ILE
95th
KEV
Not listed

CISA SSVCTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* or Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (EG-KEV: elevated) · Automatable unknown (not published for this CVE) · Technical impact partial (CVSS below 9.0). Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it: high means the affected system is essential to your organisation's mission, or its compromise could cause irreversible harm to people. CISA's decision table

Published

April 12, 2016

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

References (8)

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Maven(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
org.apache.struts:struts2-core2.0.11 ... 2.3.8 (44 versions)
  • 2.0.0 up to 2.3.28: fixed in 2.3.28
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 21× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 146 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-10-09 20:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-10-08 19:55 UTCOSV refresh
  3. 2026-10-08 16:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-10-07 23:40 UTCEPSS rescore
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  10. 2026-09-30 09:13 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-09-27 13:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-09-26 15:53 UTCEPSS rescore
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  16. 2026-09-19 15:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-09-19 02:00 UTCOSV refresh
  18. 2026-09-18 19:22 UTCEPSS rescore
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  20. 2026-09-15 03:05 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-08-31 05:49 UTCOSV refresh
  2. 2026-08-30 19:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-08-27 14:20 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-08-26 14:41 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-08-25 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-08-23 00:13 UTCEPSS rescore
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  8. 2026-08-19 16:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-08-18 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-08-16 14:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-08-16 02:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-08-15 01:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-08-14 12:54 UTCOSV refresh
  14. 2026-08-12 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
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  22. 2026-07-30 16:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-07-30 01:54 UTCOSV refresh
  24. 2026-07-30 01:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-07-28 15:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-07-26 14:50 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-07-25 14:13 UTCEPSS rescore
  28. 2026-07-23 14:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  29. 2026-07-23 01:23 UTCEG score recompute
  30. 2026-07-22 22:02 UTCEG score recompute
  31. 2026-07-22 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-07-21 15:21 UTCEPSS rescore
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  35. 2026-07-19 14:27 UTCEPSS rescore
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  40. 2026-07-16 16:59 UTCEPSS rescore
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  44. 2026-07-15 01:56 UTCEPSS rescore
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  46. 2026-07-13 22:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-07-13 06:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-07-12 11:07 UTCOSV refresh
  49. 2026-07-12 05:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-07-12 05:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-07-11 08:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-07-09 19:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-07-08 15:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-07-07 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-07-06 16:24 UTCEPSS rescore
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  57. 2026-07-05 02:27 UTCEPSS rescore
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  59. 2026-07-01 15:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-06-30 23:19 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-06-28 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-06-28 04:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-06-27 03:05 UTCEPSS rescore
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  65. 2026-06-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
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  69. 2026-06-23 21:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-06-23 16:20 UTCOSV refresh
  71. 2026-06-22 14:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-06-21 14:54 UTCEPSS rescore
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  74. 2026-06-21 01:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-06-21 01:57 UTCEPSS rescore

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2016-4003?
CVE-2016-4003 is a medium vulnerability published on April 12, 2016. Cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the URLDecoder function in JRE before 1.8, as used in Apache Struts 2.x before 2.3.28, when using a single byte page encoding, allows remote attackers to inject arbitrary web script or HTML via multi-byte characters in a url-encoded parameter.
When was CVE-2016-4003 disclosed?
CVE-2016-4003 was first published on April 12, 2016, with the most recent update on June 17, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2016-4003 actively exploited?
CVE-2016-4003 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 12% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (95th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2016-4003?
CVE-2016-4003 has a CVSS v3 base score of 6.1 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2016-4003?
A fix for CVE-2016-4003 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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