CVE-2016-3081

HIGHNVD 8.19.0▲

8.1

Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.

CVSS v3: 8.1
EG Score: 9.0(high)
EPSS: 99.9%
KEV: Not listed

Published

April 26, 2016

Last Modified

May 6, 2026

References (22)

secalert@redhathttp://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Remote-Code-Execution.html
secalert@redhathttp://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-en
secalert@redhathttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html
secalert@redhathttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html
secalert@redhathttp://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/linux/http/struts_dmi_exec
secalert@redhathttp://www.rapid7.com/db/modules/exploit/multi/http/struts_dmi_exec
secalert@redhathttp://www.securityfocus.com/bid/87327
secalert@redhathttp://www.securityfocus.com/bid/91787
secalert@redhathttp://www.securitytracker.com/id/1035665
secalert@redhathttps://struts.apache.org/docs/s2-032.html
secalert@redhathttps://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39756/
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136856/Apache-Struts-2.3.28-Dynamic-Method-Invocation-Remote-Code-Execution.html
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108http://www.huawei.com/en/psirt/security-advisories/huawei-sa-20160527-01-struts2-en
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpujul2016-2881720.html
af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/security-advisory/cpuoct2016-2881722.html

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)

Maven(1)

Package	Vulnerable range	Fixed in	Dependents
org.apache.struts:struts2-core	2.3.28	2.3.28.1	—

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 3× in last 7d / 8× in last 30d)

Every time one of our enrichment pipelines (NVD, MITRE cvelistV5, EPSS, CISA KEV, GHSA, OSV, vendor advisories) ran against this CVE. Most recent first.

2026-05-26 07:16 UTCepss_batch
2026-05-22 20:35 UTCEG score recompute
2026-05-22 13:01 UTCOSV refresh
2026-05-20 22:37 UTCepss_batch
2026-05-20 22:37 UTCepss_batch
2026-05-20 22:37 UTCepss_batch
2026-05-18 21:30 UTCepss_batch
2026-05-18 21:30 UTCepss_batch

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2016-3081?

CVE-2016-3081 is a high vulnerability published on April 26, 2016. Apache Struts 2.3.19 to 2.3.20.2, 2.3.21 to 2.3.24.1, and 2.3.25 to 2.3.28, when Dynamic Method Invocation is enabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via method: prefix, related to chained expressions.

When was CVE-2016-3081 disclosed?

CVE-2016-3081 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on April 26, 2016, with the most recent update on May 6, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.

Is CVE-2016-3081 actively exploited?

CVE-2016-3081 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 99.9% percentile likelihood of exploitation in the next 30 days — higher percentiles indicate greater predicted risk.

What is the CVSS score of CVE-2016-3081?

CVE-2016-3081 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.1 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0.

How do I remediate CVE-2016-3081?

Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2016-3081, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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CVE-2016-3081

📅 Published

🔄 Last Modified

🔗 References (22)