CVE-2016-2385

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2022-05-14. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, nvd
Elevated
9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 31%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: Elevated riskExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the encode_msg function in encode_msg.c in the SEAS module in Kamailio (formerly OpenSER and SER) before 4.3.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and process crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a large SIP packet.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8(medium)
EG Risk
65(Track*)
EG Risk 65/100SSVC: Track*

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity98% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability30% × 15%
Action: Watch closely — could escalate to Attend.
EPSS PROB
31%
EPSS %ILE
98%
KEV
Not listed

Published

April 11, 2016

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Advisory Details (8)

Auto-updated Aug 18, 2026
⚠️ Active exploitation confirmed. Patch available. Sources: github_commit.
generic

[SECURITY] [DSA 3535-1] kamailio security update

http://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3535
generic

Locked Out | Packet Storm

http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/136477/Kamailio-4.3.4-Heap-Overflow.html
generic Patch Available🟡 PoC Available

Kamailio 4.3.4 - Heap Buffer Overflow - Linux dos Exploit

https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/39638/
github_commit Patch Available

commit f50c9c853e78 (kamailio/kamailio)

Patch available: kamailio/kamailio 6.0.2 (contains commit f50c9c853e78)

https://github.com/kamailio/kamailio/commit/f50c9c853e7809810099c970780c30b0765b0643
generic Patch Available

CENSUS - Resources

https://census-labs.com/news/2016/03/30/kamailio-seas-heap-overflow/
generic🔴 Active Exploitation

PSIRT.COM — Product Security Incident Response Team

http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/537926/100/0/threaded
generic
http://www.kamailio.org/pub/kamailio/4.3.5/ChangeLog
generic Patch Available

[SECURITY] [DSA 3537-1] imlib2 security update

http://www.debian.org/security/2016/dsa-3537

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntukamailio-xmpp-modules (5.3.2-1ubuntu0.1~esm2) @ focal2026-05-20ubuntu

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 5 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
kamailio—4.3.4-2—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
kamailio—4.3.4-2—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
kamailio—4.3.4-2—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
kamailio—4.3.4-2—
Debian:8(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
kamailio4.2.0-24.2.0-2+deb8u1—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(1)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 6× in last 7d / 23× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 121 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-08-19 16:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-08-18 13:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-08-17 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
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  9. 2026-08-10 12:10 UTCOSV refresh
  10. 2026-08-08 16:32 UTCEPSS rescore
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  21. 2026-07-25 12:41 UTCOSV refresh
  22. 2026-07-23 14:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-07-23 01:22 UTCEG score recompute
  24. 2026-07-22 22:01 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-07-22 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
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  1. 2026-07-21 15:21 UTCEPSS rescore
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  4. 2026-07-18 10:00 UTCEPSS rescore
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  6. 2026-07-16 16:59 UTCEPSS rescore
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  16. 2026-07-09 19:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-07-08 15:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-07-08 07:35 UTCOSV refresh
  19. 2026-07-06 16:24 UTCEPSS rescore
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  21. 2026-07-05 02:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-07-01 15:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-06-28 14:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-06-28 04:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-06-27 03:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-06-27 03:05 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-06-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
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  29. 2026-06-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescore
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  31. 2026-06-23 21:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-06-21 01:57 UTCEPSS rescore
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  34. 2026-06-19 19:35 UTCOSV refresh
  35. 2026-06-18 17:50 UTCEPSS rescore
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  41. 2026-06-14 23:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-06-13 22:57 UTCEPSS rescore
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  44. 2026-06-12 23:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-06-12 23:09 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-06-11 13:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-06-10 22:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-06-10 13:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-06-08 14:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-06-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-06-05 22:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-06-05 06:08 UTCEPSS rescore
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  54. 2026-06-04 13:10 UTCEPSS rescore
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  57. 2026-06-01 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
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  59. 2026-05-31 00:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-05-31 00:13 UTCOSV refresh
  61. 2026-05-29 13:41 UTCEPSS rescore
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  63. 2026-05-28 13:42 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-05-27 13:38 UTCEPSS rescore
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  67. 2026-05-24 16:43 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-05-22 21:15 UTCEPSS rescore
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  70. 2026-05-21 22:40 UTCEPSS rescore
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  74. 2026-05-20 11:21 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-05-20 11:21 UTCEPSS rescore

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Working exploit code is in the public domain (1 Exploit-DB entry). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.

  • Exploit-DBEDB-39638
    First seen Mar 30, 2016

    Kamailio 4.3.4 - Heap Buffer Overflow

    Open source ↗

Related CVEs(same vendor + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2016-2385?
CVE-2016-2385 is a critical vulnerability published on April 11, 2016. Heap-based buffer overflow in the encodemsg function in encodemsg.c in the SEAS module in Kamailio (formerly OpenSER and SER) before 4.3.5 allows remote attackers to cause a denial of service (memory corruption and process crash) or possibly execute arbitrary code via a large SIP packet.
When was CVE-2016-2385 disclosed?
CVE-2016-2385 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on April 11, 2016, with the most recent update on June 17, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2016-2385 actively exploited?
CVE-2016-2385 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 31% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 1.9% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2016-2385?
CVE-2016-2385 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2016-2385?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2016-2385, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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